Thyroid cancer & MEN – Flashcards
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Benign, solitary growth of the thyroid, no capsular or vascular invasion
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Thyroid adenoma
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What is the most cmmon histology of thyroid adenoma?
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Follicular
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Marker to follow in the treatment of thyroid cancer
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Thyroglobulin (storage form of thyroid hormone)
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What is the most common thyroid cancer?
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Papillary carcinoma
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Empty-appearing nuclei with central clearing (Orphan Annie's eyes), psammoma bodies (concentrically calcified structures), and nuclear grooves
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Papillary carcinoma (Papi and Moma adopted Orphan Annie)
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↑ risk with RET and BRAF mutations, childhood irradiation
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Papillary carcinoma
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Thyroid cancer with BRAF gene mutation
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Papillary carcinoma
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Uniform follicles w/eosinophilic cytoplasm (Hurthle cells)
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Follicular carcinoma
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Invades thyroid capsule and vasculature → hematogenous spread distant organs
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Follicular carcinoma
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Associated with RAS mutation or PAX8-PPARy1 rearrangement
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Follicular carcinoma
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Parafollicular C cells → secretes calcitonin
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Medullary carcinoma
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Sheets of cells in an amyloid stroma, Stain w/Congo Red
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Medullary carcinoma
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Associated with MEN 2A and 2B (RET mutations)
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Medullary carcinoma
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What is the diagnostic test for medullary thyroid carcinoma
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Pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin test
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Older pt + large pleomorphic cells & multinucleate osteoclast-like cells
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Undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma
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Invades local structures
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Undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma
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Pt with a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis who have a rapid enlarging thyroid and obstructive symptoms (eg, difficulty swallowing)
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Thyroid Lymphoma (non-Hodgkin of B-cell origin)
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Activation of tyrosine kinase receptor
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Papillary, Medullary
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Pituitary tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors, and parathyroid adenomas
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MEN 1
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Parathyroid hyperplasia, Medullary thyroid carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A
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Medullary thyroid carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis) or Marfanoid habitus
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MEN 2B
