Nutrition Chapter 7 Homework – Flashcards
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What is TRUE about low-fat diets for weight loss? a. They tend to provide a smaller volume of food for less energy. b. Low-fat foods are low in kcalories. c. Low-fat diets satisfy hunger after less energy is consumed. d. Kcalories from dietary fat are stored less efficiently than excess kcalories from carbohydrate
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c. Low-fat diets satisfy hunger after less energy is consumed.
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What does research reveal about overweight and obese individuals? a. Those who gained the most weight had the greatest levels of involuntary exercise. b. Those with the most body fat have the lowest levels of physical activity. c. Obese individuals use more calories for NEAT than lean people. d. Environment has no bearing on genetic susceptibility.
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b. Those with the most body fat have the lowest levels of physical activity.
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What is TRUE about leptin levels in an obese individual? a. Leptin is secreted when blood glucose levels drop. b. Circulating insulin is inversely related to the amount of body fat. c. Leptin levels are controlled by calorie intake and energy expenditure. d. The amount of leptin is secreted in proportion to the amount of body fat.
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d. The amount of leptin is secreted in proportion to the amount of body fat.
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What is meant by a set point for body weight? a.Consistent physical activity b. Stable weight range c. Constant body composition d. Strict weight control plan
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b. Stable weight range
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What is TRUE about the location of the body fat on health risk? a. Visceral fat is associated with a lower incidence of heart disease. b. Subcutaneous fat carries a higher health risk than visceral fat. c. People who carry fat in the hips and lower body have more subcutaneous fat. d. Visceral fat storage is more common in women than in men.
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c. People who carry fat in the hips and lower body have more subcutaneous fat.
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What is a component of an ideal weight management plan? a. Promotion of rapid weight loss to quickly achieve weight goal. b. The caloric intakes should be less than 1200 kcalories per day. c. The opportunity to maintain favorite foods and usual eating pattern. d. Regular physical activity to increase energy expenditure.
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d. Regular physical activity to increase energy expenditure.
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Which of the following types of people would benefit most from weight loss? a. A person with other risk factors associated with excess body fat. b. A person with a Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeds 28kg/m2 c. A person with high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. d. Overweight and obese women at the beginning of their pregnancy.
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a. A person with other risk factors associated with excess body fat.
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Compared to normal-weight individuals, obesity is associated with which of the following conditions? a. Sleep apnea b. High HDL cholesterol c. Low triglyceride level d. Low blood glucose levels
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a. Sleep apnea
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Which one of the following statement describes indirect calorimetery? a. Heat is produced when a food is combusted. b. The amount of heat produced is proportional to the amount of energy used. c. Energy use is estimated by assessing oxygen utilization. d. Labeled oxygen and hydrogen are used by the body in metabolism.
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c. Energy use is estimated by assessing oxygen utilization.
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Which statement about weight-loss surgeries is true? a. They may be appropriate for a person with a BMI greater than or equal to 26kg/m2 b. They are recommended for people who are able to perform daily activities. c. They alter the GI tract to increase nutrient absorption. d. Success requires a permanent change in eating habits.
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d. Success requires a permanent change in eating habits.
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What is one way that medications can promote weight loss? a. They decrease fat absorption. b. They boost metabolism. c. They promote lean body mass. d. They decrease water loss.
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a. They decrease fat absorption.
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What is true about a healthy diet? a. Limits food selections to a few food groups. b. Requires the purchase of special foods and supplements. c. Promotes rapid weight loss of much more than 2 pounds per week. d. Is based on sounds scientific principles
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d. Is based on sounds scientific principles
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What is satiety? a. It is a signal that stimulates one to eat. b. It is caused by the release of stomach hormones. c. It is the feeling of fullness. d. It is results from the overproduction of ghrelin.
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c. It is the feeling of fullness.
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Which one of the following methods assesses body composition? a. Body Mass Index [BMI] b. Body weight c. Skinfold thickness d. Energy balance
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c. Skinfold thickness
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What is true about a person with a "healthy" weight? a. The person has no body fat. b. The person has a low risk for disease. c. The person lacks insulation against changes in temperature. d. The person has a high risk for early death.
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b. The person has a low risk for disease.
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Considering the average person, what is the body's major energy expenditure? a. Basal metabolism b. Physical activity c. Non-exercise thermogenesis d. Thermic effect of food
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a. Basal metabolism
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How has the incidence of obesity changed in the United States and world-wide over the past 20 years? a. The rate of obesity has increased b. The rate of obesity remains the same c. The rate of obesity has decreased d. The rate of obesity has increased in the United States, but not in world-wide
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a. The rate of obesity has increased
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Alli is an over-the-counter weight loss drug that: a. reduces appetite. b. increases energy expenditure. c. prevents triglyceride digestion and absorption. d. activates brown adipose tissue.
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c. prevents triglyceride digestion and absorption.
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surgical procedure that restricts the size of the stomach and bypasses a portion of the small intestine is: a. gastroplasty. b. gastric bypass. c. not successful in achieving weight loss. d. liposuction.
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b. gastric bypass.
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One problem with weight loss drugs is that: a. they have been shown to shorten life span. b. weight is typically regained when the drug is stopped. c. they are not recommended for people with large amounts of weight to lose. d. over time, they typically cause people to become underweight.
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b. weight is typically regained when the drug is stopped.
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If a serving of tuna contains 1 gram fat, 0 carbohydrates and contains 69 calories, how many grams of protein are in one serving? a. 15 b. 30 c. 44 d. 60
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A.15
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When selecting a weight loss program for long-term weight loss, which is the least important question to consider? a. Does the program require purchase of special foods? b. Does the program offer social support? c. Does the program incorporate and encourage physical activity? d. Is there a book available which explains the diet?
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d. Is there a book available which explains the diet?
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Which is TRUE regarding the disadvantages of using Body Mass Index as a means of assessing chronic disease risk? a. Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI. b. BMI uses measurements which are cumbersome to obtain. c. Calculating BMI is relatively expensive. d. BMI calculations for men and women require different formulas.
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a. Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A waist measurement >40 inches in men indicates a health risk. b. The distribution of fat in a person is determined by primarily by exercise habits. c. A waist measurement >35 inches in women indicates a health risk. d. Visceral fat storage is more common in men than in women.
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b. The distribution of fat in a person is determined by primarily by exercise habits.
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Which of the following does not affect basal metabolic rate? a. Gender b. Lean body mass c. Level of physical activity d. Age
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c. Level of physical activity
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The stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues is best described as: a. appetite. b. hunger. c. behavioral modification. d. satiety.
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b. hunger.
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Very-Low-Kcalorie diets: a. contain fewer than 1500 kcals/day. b. cause a rapid initial weight loss. c. increase metabolism. d. are more effective than other diets in the long term.
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b. cause a rapid initial weight loss.
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To determine how many kcalories are in a food item, the food undergoes combustion in a chamber surrounded by water. What information is most important to know in order to establish the caloric content of the food item? a. Change in temperature of the water surrounding the chamber b. Volume of the food item c. Surface area of the food item d. Density of water surrounding the chamber
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a. Change in temperature of the water surrounding the chamber
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For people who want to gain weight, which of the following is NOT a recommendation? a. Eat more frequently b. Drink more milk and fruit juices c. Exercise d. Eat more low-fat, bulky foods
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d. Eat more low-fat, bulky foods
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Which guideline about weight loss is correct? a. All individuals with a BMI >25 should lose weight. b. If a child is obese, weight should be lost as quickly as possible so it doesn't interfere with development. c. Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-15% weight loss. d. The health benefits of weight loss do not begin to accrue until normal weight is achieved.
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c. Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-15% weight loss.
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The recommended approach to dealing with overweight children is to: a. strictly limit kcalorie intake. b. encourage physical activity and moderate kcalorie intake. c. institute moderate levels of drug therapy. d. encourage liquid weight loss products at lunch.
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b. encourage physical activity and moderate kcalorie intake.
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Long term healthy weight loss is based on all the following principles EXCEPT: a. increasing physical activity. b. adopting lifelong changes in eating habits. c. eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories. d. moderate portion sizes.
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c. eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories.
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A common problem associated with losing weight by drinking only low kcalorie weight loss products is: a. eating habits are not changed. b. the formula is available by prescription only, making the program inconvenient. c. formula plans are expensive. d. mixing the formulas require extensive calculation.
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a. eating habits are not changed.
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When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time, what is most likely to develop? a. Diabetes b. Hepatitis c. Hyperglycemia d. Ketosis
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d. Ketosis
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Americans are exercising less for all the reasons listed below EXCEPT: a. leisure time is often spent in sedentary activities. b. many jobs are less physically demanding than in the past. c. open spaces for outdoor activities are becoming limited. d. most people rely on automobiles for transportation rather than walking or biking.
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c. open spaces for outdoor activities are becoming limited.
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Which of the following does NOT help to explain why Americans are now eating more kcals than 30 years ago? a. Appetite is often triggered by ads for foods or the easy accessibility of foods. b. Average portion sizes have increased in homes and restaurants. c. People tend to eat in units regardless of the size of the unit. d. Genetic changes over the last 3 decades have led to Americans being hungrier.
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d. Genetic changes over the last 3 decades have led to Americans being hungrier.
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An individual's actual weight is: a. determined solely by genetics, which is why identical twins gain similar amounts of fat over time. b. determined by lifestyle. c. determined by inherited genes and lifestyle/environment. d. determined by the climate in which you live.
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c. determined by inherited genes and lifestyle/environment.
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Which statement about the relationship of obesity to activity is correct? a. Lean people use fewer calories for NEAT. b. Individuals with the most body fat tend to have the lowest levels of overall activity. c. When normal weight individuals are overfed, they all respond with similar increases in unplanned activity. d. Involuntary activity typically burns <100 kcal /day.
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b. Individuals with the most body fat tend to have the lowest levels of overall activity.
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Which statement about the relationship of obesity to "thrifty metabolism" is FALSE? a. It allows more efficient energy use and fat storage. b. Those who inherited "thrifty genes" are more likely to be obese. c. Restricting food intake normally increases energy expenditure. d. Thrifty metabolism may have evolved to prevent starvation.
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c. Restricting food intake normally increases energy expenditure.
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______________ is produced in the stomach and stimulates food intake. a. Ghrelin b. Cholecystokinin c. Peptide PYY d. Gastrin
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a. Ghrelin
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A higher incidence of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes is associated with: a. fat on hips and thighs. b. subcutaneous fat. c. visceral fat. d. Any fat, no matter where it is deposited.
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c. visceral fat.
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Which statement about obesity genes is FALSE? a. Abnormal obesity genes result in abnormal amounts of body fat. b. Obesity genes encode proteins. c. Obesity genes are the main culprit behind rising obesity levels. d. Obesity genes regulate food intake, energy expenditure or the deposition of body fat.
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c. Obesity genes are the main culprit behind rising obesity levels.
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What is a common outcome of "yo-yo" dieting? a. Decreased likelihood that future weight loss efforts will be successful b. Malnutrition c. Anorexia nervosa d. Redistribution of subcutaneous body fat
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a. Decreased likelihood that future weight loss efforts will be successful
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______________ is produced by adipocytes and functions to maintain the amount of fat in the body at a constant or stable level. a. Thyroxine b. Leptin c. Ghrelin d. Insulin
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b. Leptin
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For many years, Francine's weight has been stable at ~132 pounds. This weight is commonly described as her: a. maintenance level. b. set point. c. trigger point. d. weight stability setting.
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b. set point.
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Which brain region regulates long-term food intake and energy expenditure? a. Cerebellum b. Cortex c. Frontal lobe d. Hypothalamus
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d. Hypothalamus
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Body fat is stored in cells called: a. adipocytes. b. enterocytes. c. hepatocytes. d. β cells.
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a. adipocytes.
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Which is a FALSE statement regarding the use of anthropometric measurements such as waist circumferences and skinfold thickness to estimate body composition? a. Measurements are more accurate in normal weight than in obese individuals. b. Although fairly accurate, skinfold measurement is relatively expensive. c. It is assumed that the subcutaneous fat is representative of total body fat. d. Accuracy is dependent upon the skill of the person using the skinfold calipers.
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b. Although fairly accurate, skinfold measurement is relatively expensive.
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Which statement about BMI is correct? a. A BMI of 16-22 is defined as a healthy body weight. b. BMI is an excellent tool for predicting health risks for all body types. c. A BMI of <20 is classified as underweight. d. A BMI over 30 is considered obese.
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d. A BMI over 30 is considered obese.
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The amount of visceral fat is best determined by: a. sophisticated imaging methods such as DXA. b. dilution methods. c. skinfold thickness. d. underwater weighing.
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a. sophisticated imaging methods such as DXA.
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Skinfold thickness measures: a. subcutaneous fat. b. visceral fat. c. total fat. d. body density.
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a. subcutaneous fat.
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Which method to measure body composition relies on the poor ability of fat to conduct electricity? a. MRI b. Bioelectric impedance c. DEXA d. Bod Pod
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b. Bioelectric impedance
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The distribution of body fat can be an indicator of health risk. Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer? a. Subcutaneous fat deposited in the hips and thighs b. Visceral fat deposited around the waist c. A pear shaped body d. Brown fat tissue in the upper arms
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b. Visceral fat deposited around the waist
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According to BMI criteria, an individual with a body mass index (BMI) of 22 would be defined as: a. underweight. b. healthy weight. c. overweight. d. obese.
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b. healthy weight.
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In order to calculate a person's Body Mass Index, what information about the person must be known? a. Height & weight b. Lean body mass & body water c. Lean body mass & fat stores d. Waist circumference & height
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a. Height & weight
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Obesity increases the risk of some cancers because: a. the high fat foods typically consumed have abundant cancer-promoting substances. b. adipose tissue produces hormones which promote cell proliferation. c. high blood triglycerides commonly seen in obesity damage DNA in cells lining the major blood vessels. d. obese individuals tend to be sedentary.
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b. adipose tissue produces hormones which promote cell proliferation.
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Being underweight: a. is always the result of an eating disorder. b. is never a concern since people suffer no health risks. c. is associated with an increased risk of early death. d. is an unnatural condition that should always be remedied.
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c. is associated with an increased risk of early death.
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Obesity is associated with an increased risk of: a. gallbladder disease. b. sleep apnea. c. arthritis. d. All of these choices are correct.
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d. All of these choices are correct.
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The consequences of the high rate of childhood obesity are: a. primarily psychological. b. relatively benign since health risks are not increased. c. profound since the longer a person is overweight, the higher the health risks. d. unknown.
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c. profound since the longer a person is overweight, the higher the health risks.
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One reason body weight increases as people age is: a. EER declines. b. higher fat food choices are more common. c. exercise increases. d. EER increases.
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a. EER declines.
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An individual who exercises at moderate intensity for 60 minutes per day would be considered: a. sedentary. b. low active. c. active. d. very active.
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c. active.
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Estimated energy requirements are NOT influenced by: a. height. b. level of physical activity. c. gender. d. body shape.
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d. body shape
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Which type of calorimetry used for measuring energy expenditure quantifies heat production? a. Direct b. Indirect c. Thermic d. Bomb
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a. Direct
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Which individual would have the lowest recommended energy intake, per unit of body weight? a. A 2-month old infant b. An 80-year old female c. A 26- year old woman, in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy d/ An adolescent male
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b. An 80-year old female
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The three components of energy expenditure are: a. basal metabolism, energy consumption and protein metabolism. b. basal metabolism, physical activity and diet-induced thermogenesis. c. basal metabolism, resting heat conductance and consumptive capacity. d. physical activity, sleeping and eating.
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b. basal metabolism, physical activity and diet-induced thermogenesis.
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Indirect calorimetry measures ______________and ______________ to estimate energy expenditure. a. food consumed, heat produced b. food consumed, water excreted c. oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide expired d. oxygen consumed, sweat produced
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c. oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide expired
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Which nutrient(s), when consumed in excess of energy needs, is/are preferentially used to produce body adipose tissue? a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Fats d. Individual amino acids
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c. Fats
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f no food is eaten for more than a few hours, gluconeogenesis occurs, forming glucose from: a. stored amino acids. b. functioning body protein. c. fatty acid deposits in adipose tissue. d. glycogen stores.
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b. functioning body protein
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To provide glucose to the body between meals: a. fat is broken down. b. glycogen is broken down. c. internal organs are liquified. d. snacks must be consumed.
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b. glycogen is broken down.
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Basal metabolism in a typical person accounts for approximately what percentage of total energy expenditure? a. 10-25 b. 40-55 c. 60-75 d. >90
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c. 60-75
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As foods are digested, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, proteins and fats are converted to: a. electrical energy. b. carbon dioxide. c. ATP. d. electrons.
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c. ATP.
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As dietary nutrients are broken down to provide energy they are all converted to which metabolic intermediate? a. Pyruvate b. Acetyl CoA c. Lactate d. Ketone bodies
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b. Acetyl CoA
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The energy expended to digest and store nutrients is called: a. basal metabolic rate. b. digestive capacity thermogenesis. c. consumptive heat capacity. d. thermic effect of food.
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d. thermic effect of food.
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Which of the following does NOT increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate? a. Increasing age over 50 b. An increase in muscle mass c. An increase in body weight d. Running a fever
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a. Increasing age over 50
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What is the total energy content of a serving of granola that contains 7 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate and 4 grams of protein? a. 51 kcals b. 145 kcals c. 239 kcals d. 319 kcals
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c. 239 kcals
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Energy is stored in the body primarily as ______________ and ______________. a. glycogen, triglycerides b. protein, glucose c. muscle, glycogen d. glucose, triglycerides
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a. glycogen, triglycerides
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What is the function of a bomb calorimeter? a. It determines how much energy is spent when performing a specific exercise. b. It is utilized to "burn off" excess kcals. c. It determines the energy content of a particular food. d. It accurately measures percent body fat.
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c. It determines the energy content of a particular food.
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The energy content of a food is determined: a. by bomb calorimetry. b. with a specially adapted convection oven. c. using an indirect calorimeter. d. by underwater volumetric analysis.
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a. by bomb calorimetry.
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After eating a large dinner, we feel full and satisfied. The term to describe this feeling is: a. appetite suppression. b. caloric equilibrium. c. hunger displacement. d. satiety.
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d. satiety.
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America's obesity epidemic: a. has not affected children. b. is primarily caused by Americans eating more and exercising less. c. is relatively benign, causing few health effects. d. is unique since other countries have not experienced similar rises in obesity.
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b. is primarily caused by Americans eating more and exercising less.
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Which statement about obesity is true? a. Obesity rates have remained constant over the last 50 years. b. Obesity is defined as having a BMI >25. c. Obesity rates tend to be constant across racial and ethnic groups. d. Obesity is defined as having a BMI >30.
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d. Obesity is defined as having a BMI >30.
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David would like to lose weight. His energy needs are 2400 kcal/day. If he eats ~1900 kcals/day, in four weeks approximately how much weight will David have lost? a. 2 pounds b. 4 pounds c. 9 pounds d. 12 pounds
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b. 4 pounds
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In order to lose fat, not lean tissue, what is the recommended rate of weight loss? a. 1/2 to 2 pounds per week b. 1 to 3 pounds per week c. 2 to 4 pounds per week d. No more than 30 pounds/month
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a. 1/2 to 2 pounds per week
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What is the approximate BMI of someone who weighs 145 pounds and is five foot, seven inches tall? a. 12.9 b. 22.7 c. 28.1 d. 35.2
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b. 22.7
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The energy (kcalories) provided by one gram each of protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol is: a. 9,9,4,4. b. 4,4,4,9. c. 7,4,9,4. d. 4,9,4,7.
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d. 4,9,4,7.
