question

2) The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus? A) protection B) recognition C) replication D) protection and recognition E) recognition and replication

answer

D) protection and recognition

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3) During the intracellular state, a virus exists as A) a lipid. B) a protein. C) a nucleic acid. D) both a protein and a nucleic acid. E) both a lipid and a nucleic acid.

answer

C) a nucleic acid.

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4) Viruses are primarily classified according to their A) type of nucleic acid. B) type of life cycle. C) number of chromosomes. D) shape. E) size.

answer

A) type of nucleic acid.

question

5) Host specificity of a virus is due to A) particular genes that it shares with the infected cell. B) the presence of an envelope. C) differences in size between the virus and the host cell. D) the presence or absence of a cell wall on the host cell. E) interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules.

answer

E) interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules.

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6) Who was the first person to demonstrate the existence of viruses? A) Stanley B) Rous C) Lacks D) Ivanowsky E) Prusiner

answer

D) Ivanowsky

question

7) How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms? A) They have no extracellular state. B) They have only DNA for genetic material. C) They have no capsid. D) They have no intracellular state. E) They cannot pass through a filter.

answer

a

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8) Which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure? A) bacteriophages B) prions C) animal viruses D) viroids E) both prions and viroids

answer

D) viroids

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9) Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage? A) envelope B) icosahedral capsid C) DNA D) tail fibers E) base plate

answer

A) envelope

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10) Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is true? A) Viruses are classified on the basis of the taxonomy of their host organisms. B) Virus classes are well established. C) Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family. D) The species epithet is a Latin descriptor of the virion structure. E) Virus classes are based on the domain of the host organism.

answer

C) Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family.

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11) Which of the following statements comparing virus classification and taxonomy of organisms is true? A) Both viruses and organisms are organized into classes. B) The common names of viruses are their genus and species epithet, as they are with organisms. C) Both viruses and organisms are organized into domains. D) Genus and specific epithet are used in both classification systems. E) Only families are common to both viral classification and organism taxonomy.

answer

D) Genus and specific epithet are used in both classification systems.

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12) Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages: I. Synthesis II. Assembly III. Attachment IV. Release V. Entry A) III, V, I, II, IV B) III, II, V, I, IV C) V, III, II, IV, I D) I, III, V, II, IV E) I, II, III, V, IV

answer

A

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13) Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell? A) random collisions B) chemical attractions C) receptor specificity D) chemical attractions and receptor specificity E) random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity

answer

E

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14) The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle? A) entry B) assembly C) entry and release D) synthesis E) attachment

answer

C

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15) The phenomenon of transduction is associated with which of the stages of a bacteriophage infection cycle? A) attachment B) assembly C) release D) synthesis E) entry `

answer

B

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16) Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle? A) attachment B) entry C) digestion of host DNA D) viral protein synthesis E) both digestion of host DNA and viral proteins synthesis

answer

C

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17) Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage? A) It speeds up the viral infection cycle. B) The genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of cells. C) It allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. D) It allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA. E) It enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell.

answer

B

question

18) Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage back to a lytic phage? A) UV light B) X rays C) presence of +ssRNA D) UV light and X rays E) UV light and +ssRNA

answer

D

question

19) Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques. Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacterial cultures infected with bacteriophage. What type of viral infection might cause this appearance? A) lytic B) lysogenic C) prion D) viroid E) transducing

answer

B

question

20) Which of the following is matched INCORRECTLY? A) poliovirus — direct penetration B) herpesvirus — endocytosis C) adenovirus — membrane fusion D) measles virus — membrane fusion E) HIV — membrane fusion

answer

C

question

21) Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following? A) dsDNA viruses B) +ssRNA viruses C) -ssRNA viruses D) retroviruses E) dsRNA viruses

answer

D

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22) The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA? A) retroviruses B) +ssRNA viruses C) -ssRNA viruses D) ssDNA viruses E) dsRNA viruses

answer

B

question

23) Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated? A) +ssRNA viruses B) ssDNA viruses C) -ssRNA viruses D) retroviruses E) dsDNA viruses

answer

C

question

24) In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode A) reverse transcriptase. B) a DNA polymerase. C) RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. D) ribosome components. E) reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.

answer

B

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25) Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope? A) the nuclear membrane B) the cytoplasmic membrane C) the endoplasmic reticulum D) the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes E) the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum

answer

E

question

26) The majority of cases of infant diarrhea are caused by what kind of virus? A) dsDNA viruses B) dsRNA viruses C) +ssRNA viruses D) retroviruses E) -ssRNA viruses

answer

B

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27) How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda phage prophage? A) The HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA. B) All subsequent generations of HIV-infected cells carry the provirus. C) All the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus. D) The HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell. E) Lambda phage-infected cells produce virus slowly over time.

answer

A

question

28) Which of the following individuals discovered prions? A) Lacks B) Iwanowsky C) Prusiner D) Stanley E) Rous

answer

C

question

29) One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism? A) +ssRNA viruses B) dsRNA viruses C) -ssRNA viruses D) retroviruses E) +ssRNA and -ssRNA viruses

answer

D

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30) Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called A) neoplasia. B) a plaque assay. C) latency. D) budding. E) metastasis.

answer

E

question

31) Plaque assays are used for A) evaluating the cancer-causing ability of a virus. B) estimating the number of phages in a culture. C) the study of prions. D) cultivating viruses that cannot be grown any other way. E) counting the number of latent phages in a cell.

answer

B

question

32) Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways? A) longevity B) source of cells C) convenience of use D) longevity and convenience of use E) longevity and source of cells

answer

E

question

33) Viroids infect A) bacteria. B) plants. C) fungi. D) plants and animals. E) all organisms.

answer

B

question

34) How are prions different from all other known infectious agents? A) They cannot reproduce outside a cell. B) They act as slow viruses. C) They cause neurological problems. D) They can be destroyed by incineration. E) They lack nucleic acid.

answer

E

question

35) The infectious particles of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to A) bacteriophages. B) enveloped viruses. C) prions. D) viroids. E) lysogens.

answer

D

question

36) A lipid membrane is present A) only in viruses. B) in both cells and viruses. C) only in cells. D) only in prions. E) in both prions and viroids.

answer

B

question

37) Double-stranded DNA genomes are found A) only in viroids. B) only in cells. C) only in viruses. D) in both cells and viruses. E) in both viruses and viroids.

answer

D

question

38) Double-stranded RNA genomes can be found A) only in cells. B) in both cells and viruses. C) only in viruses. D) in prions. E) in both prions and viruses.

answer

C

question

39) Cytoplasm is a characteristic of A) cells only. B) viruses only. C) both cells and viruses. D) viroids only. E) both viroids and viruses.

answer

A

question

40) Proteins are present in A) cells only. B) viruses only. C) viroids only. D) both cells and viruses. E) cells, viruses, and viroids.

answer

D

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41) Viruses are shed slowly and steadily during A) lytic replication. B) budding. C) oncogenesis. D) persistent infection. E) latency.

answer

D

question

42) During __________, viruses remain dormant in a cell. A) budding B) latency C) lytic replication D) persistent infection E) oncogenesis

answer

B

question

43) Virus replication results in the death of the cell in a(n) __________ infection. A) lytic B) latent C) persistent D) oncogenic E) both latent and persistent

answer

A

question

44) Virus infection results in cancer in the process of A) lytic replication. B) budding. C) oncogenesis. D) persistent infection. E) latency.

answer

C

question

45) is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses. A) Lytic replication B) Persistent infection C) Oncogenesis D) Latency E) Budding

answer

E

question

1) Viruses cause most human cancers.

answer

B

question

2) Most viruses cannot be seen by light microscopy.

answer

A

question

3) Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack.

answer

A

question

4) Many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking capsids.

answer

A

question

5) Bacteriophages are cheaper and easier to culture than animal viruses.

answer

A

question

6) Assembly of new viruses is a process that usually requires the direction of a variety of viral and cellular enzymes.

answer

B

question

7) Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time.

answer

B

question

8) Poxvirus is assembled in the cytoplasm of the cell instead of in the nucleus, as is the case for the majority of dsDNA viruses.

answer

A

question

9) Transcription of RNA from RNA does not occur in uninfected cells.

answer

A

question

10) Virus vaccines are always cultured in embryonated chicken eggs.

answer

B

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