question

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who:

answer

Uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

question

Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses?

answer

A psychoanalyst

question

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ______; it is favored by _______ therapists.

answer

Free association; psychoanalytic

question

During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitated while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of:

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Resistance

question

During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a _________ of her feelings towards her father.

answer

Transference

question

Which type(s) of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious feelings into awareness?

answer

both a. and b.

question

Which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis?

answer

It gives therapists too much control over patients

question

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy:

answer

focuses on current relationships

question

Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature?

answer

Humanistic therapy

question

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing:

answer

Client-centered therapy

question

Carl Rogers was a ________ therapist who was the creator of ________.

answer

humanistic; client-centered therapy

question

Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self-fulfillment?

answer

Humanistic therapy

question

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called:

answer

active listening

question

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes?

answer

behavior therapy

question

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a ________ therapist.

answer

behavior

question

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of:

answer

Classical conditioning

question

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are:

answer

Conditioned responses

question

In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called:

answer

systematic desensitization

question

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations?

answer

systematic desensitization

question

To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. Which technique is the therapist using?

answer

Aversive conditioning

question

Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as:

answer

Aversive conditioning

question

One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that:

answer

patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences

question

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the:

answer

Behavior therapy technique called token economy

question

Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques?

answer

The token economy

question

The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called:

answer

a token economy

question

Which of the following is not a common criticism of behavior therapy?

answer

All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy

question

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical reasoning and pointed out that Darnel's "incompetence" had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ________ therapist.

answer

Cognitive

question

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating depression?

answer

cognitive therapy

question

One variety of ________ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ________.

answer

cognitive; themselves

question

Ben is a cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to:

answer

address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors

question

Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to:

answer

alter the way people think and act

question

Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others?

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on:

answer

how family tensions may cause individual problems

question

Before 1950, the main mental health providers were:

answer

psychiatrists

question

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found?

answer

Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy , studies point to more modest results

question

Which of the following best describes the results of the 30-year follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered predelinquents?

answer

Predelinquent boys who did not receive counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling

question

The following are some of the conclusions drawn in the text regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. For which of these conclusions did the Massachusetts study of predelinquent boys provide evidence?

answer

Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat from the objective findings

question

(Thinking Critically) A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of:

answer

the placebo effect

question

Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died. Feeling anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind. After several months of treatment Nick began feeling better. Although Nick is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for his improvement, it is also possible that it was the result of:

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies?

answer

They are more effective

question

A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You should tell your relative that:

answer

no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

question

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that:

answer

all of the above are true

question

Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from:

answer

seasonal affective disorder

question

A close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light-exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend?

answer

"It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief."

question

Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is:

answer

all of the above

question

A meta-analysis of research studies comparing the effectiveness of professional therapists with paraprofessionals found that:

answer

the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals

question

Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a:

answer

Psychiatrist

question

Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?

answer

drug therapy

question

In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the ________ technique.

answer

double-blind

question

Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an ________ drug.

answer

antipsychotic

question

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for:

answer

dopamine

question

The types of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the:

answer

antianxiety drugs

question

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an ________ drug.

answer

antidepressant

question

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or:

answer

norepinephrine

question

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of:

answer

depression

question

A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. It is likely that she will prescribe:

answer

lithium

question

Which of the following is the drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?

answer

Lithium

question

Although Moniz won the Nobel prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not widely used today because:

answer

of all of the above reasons

question

In concluding her talk entitled "Psychosurgery Today," Ashley states that:

answer

"with advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned."

question

Psychologists who advocate a ________ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's ________.

answer

preventive; environment

question

A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be most likely to view disordered behavior as:

answer

an understandable response to stressful social conditions

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