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. Developmental theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination.
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True
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Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by a "master trait" present at birth or soon after.
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true
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According to latent trait theory, the propensity to commit crime is unstable, but the opportunity to commit crime remains stable over time.
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false
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Trajectory theories assume there is more than one type of criminal and more than one criminal path.
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true
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Criminal career trajectories cannot be reversed even if life conditions improve.
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false
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Life course theorists seek to understand why people enter a criminal way of life and, once they do, why they alter the trajectory of their criminal involvement.
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true
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Racial disparity in the criminal justice system helps put minority group members at a disadvantage, increasing the likelihood that they will become embedded in criminal careers.
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true
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According to life course view, even as toddlers, people begin relationships and behaviors that may determine their entire life course
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true
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The early onset of antisocial behavior strongly predicts later and more serious criminality.
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true
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Building social capital [social bonds] supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.
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true
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Regardless of gender or environment, those who maintain a latent trait may be predisposed to crime and are in danger of becoming career criminals.
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true
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People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.
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true
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Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents.
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true
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Life-course persisters may be considered "typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.
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false
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Al-Qaeda and Hamas are examples of revolutionary groups.
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false
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The use of the word terrorism is first traced to the American Revolution, when the nontypical patterns of warfare from American colonists were said to "terror" the British troops who fought in traditional military fashion.
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False
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Revolutionary terrorists use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds political or religious views of the group.
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true
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Al-Qaeda, the group responsible for the 9/11 attacks, is an example of a retributive terrorist group.
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true
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Lone-actor terrorists do not belong to an organized group but act on their own, motivated by political, religious, or social beliefs.
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true
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Religious terrorism is especially threatening due to the fanaticism of those who practice it and their willingness to sacrifice themselves for the cause
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true
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Palestine Liberation Organization and Hamas are examples of revolutionary groups.
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false
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The illegal use of force against innocent people to achieve a political objective is called terrorism.
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true
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Nationalist terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious group that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule.
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true
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According to the alienation view of terrorism, terror recruits suffer dissension from friends, family, and society with many having been raised to hate the groups who are in power and believe that they have been victimized by state authorities whom they view as oppressors.
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true
