World Literature 1: Midterm Exam – Flashcards
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Achaeans
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Term for the Greeks, along with Danaans and Argives.
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Menelaus
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King of Sparta; the younger brother of Agamemnon.
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Myrmidons
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The soldiers under Achilles' command, hailing from Achilles' homeland, Phthia.
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Patroclus
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Achilles' beloved friend, companion, and advisor, killed by Hector.
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Diomedes
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The youngest of the Achaean commanders, bold and sometimes impetuous.
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Aeneas
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A Trojan nobleman, the son of Aphrodite, and a mighty warrior. Founder of Rome.
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Hermes
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The messenger of the gods. Escorts Priam to Achilles' tent in Book 24.
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Deiphobus
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Son of Priam and Hecuba. He was a prince of Troy, and the greatest of Priam's sons after Hector and Paris.
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Meleager
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In an attempt to get Achilles to stay, Phoenix uses the ancient story of this warrior who refused to fight.
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Zeus
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King of the gods and husband of Hera, claims neutrality in the mortals' conflict and often tries to keep the other gods from participating in it.
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Hera
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Queen of the gods and Zeus's wife, a conniving, headstrong woman. Hates the Trojans.
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Briseis
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A war prize of Achilles.
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Pallas Athena
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The goddess of wisdom, purposeful battle, and the womanly arts; passionately hates the Trojans.
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Poseidon
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The brother of Zeus and god of the sea. Holds a long-standing grudge against the Trojans.
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Hector
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Son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, the mightiest warrior in the Trojan army.
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Helen
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Reputed to be the most beautiful woman in the ancient world, was stolen from her husband, Menelaus, and taken to Troy by Paris.
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Sarpedon
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One of Zeus's sons.
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Meriones
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One of the leaders of the eighty ships from Crete
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Apollo
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A son of Zeus and twin brother of the goddess Artemis, god of the sun and the arts, particularly music, supports the Trojans and often intervenes in the war on their behalf.
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Calchas
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An important soothsayer, his identification of the cause of the plague ravaging the Achaean army in Book 1 leads inadvertently to the rift between Agamemnon and Achilles.
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Chryses
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The priest of Apollo in a Trojan-allied town.
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Nestor
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King of Pylos and the oldest Achaean commander., gives long-winded speeches, adviser to the military commanders.
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Thetis
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A sea-nymph and the devoted mother of Achilles, gets Zeus to help the Trojans and punish the Achaeans.
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Hecuba
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Queen of Troy, wife of Priam, and mother of Hector and Paris.
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Astyanax
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Hector and Andromache's infant son.
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Polydamas
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A young Trojan commander, sometimes gives the Trojans sound advice, but Hector seldom acts on it.
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Cassandra
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The most beautiful of Priam's daughters.
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Achilles
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The son of the military man Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis, the most powerful warrior in The Iliad.
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Odysseus
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A fine warrior and the cleverest of the Achaean commanders, one of the Achaeans' best public speakers, helps mediate between Agamemnon and Achilles during their quarrel and often prevents them from making rash decisions.
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Chryseis
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Daughter of the priest of Apollo.
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Priam
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King of Troy and husband of Hecuba, the father of fifty Trojan warriors, including Hector and Paris.
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Hephaestus
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God of fire and husband of Aphrodite, is the gods' metalsmith and is known as the lame or crippled god.
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Andromache
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Hector's Wife.
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Phoenix
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A kindly old warrior, helped raise Achilles, mediates between Achilles and Agamemnon during their quarrel.
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Cebriones
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The half-brother of Hector and his final charioteer during the Trojan War.
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Aphrodite
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Goddess of love and daughter of Zeus, married to Hephaestus, supports Paris and the Trojans throughout the war.
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Agamemnon
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King of Mycenae and leader of the Achaean army; brother of King Menelaus of Sparta. Also called Atrides.
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Ajax
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Two brothers, one big, one small.
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Glaucus
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A powerful Trojan warrior, exchanges armor with Diomedes after they realize that their families are friends illustrates the value that ancients placed on kinship and camaraderie.
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Paris
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A son of Priam and Hecuba and brother of Hector. Abducted Helen.
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Eris
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Greek goddess of strife and discord
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Euphorbus
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Wounded Patroclus before Patroclus was killed by Hector. The best with a spear at his age.
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Bellerophon
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The son of Poseidon and Eurynome, wife of Glaucus.
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Thebes
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A city in central Greece
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Sphinx
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A mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion
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Kreon
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Oedipus's brother-in-law, brother of Jokasta.
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Jokasta
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Wife of Oedipus
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Tiresias
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Blind soothsayer.
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Oedipus Messenger
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Arrives from Corinth to tell Oedipus that his father is dead.
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Polybos
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Raised Oedipus as his adopted son, king of Corinth.
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Merope
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Wife of Polybus, adopted mother of Oedipus.
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Laios
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Oedipus' real father, king of Thebes.
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Korinth
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Where Oedipus was raised after being abandoned.
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Shepherd
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Unpins Oedipus' ankles, gives him to Polybus and Merope to raise.
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Antigone
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Daughter of Oedipus, more grandeur and courage than her sister.
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Ismene
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Another daughter of Oedipus,
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Plague
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Apollo wrecks Thebes with this because of Oedipus's relations with Jokasta.
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Oedipus Apollo
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God of plague, disease.
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Dramatic irony
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A literary technique by which the full significance of a character's words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character.
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Chorus
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Reacts to the events onstage, sometimes comically obtuse or fickle, sometimes perceptive, sometimes melodramatic.
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Leader
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Speaks for the chorus
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Drunkard
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At a banquet, he blurts out a rumor about Oedipus' rumor about Oedipus' suspicious parentage suspicious parentage
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Where the roads meet
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Where Oedipus kills his father.
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Bandits
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Everyone believes Laios was killed by _______.
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Two Spiked Goad
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Weapon Oedipus used to kill his father, Laios.
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Prophecy
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A prediction that Oedipus will kill his father, bed his mother, and father children with her.
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Oedipal Complex
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A desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process.
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Kithaeiron
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A western area of a mountain range in Greece
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Long pins of gold
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What Oedipus took from Jokasta's dress and used to gouge his eyes out with.
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Medea
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Sorceress, married to Jason, kills her children.
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Jason
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Married to Medea, having an affair/engaged to the princess.
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Creon
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King of Corinth.
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Aegeus
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From Athens, offers Medea safe haven after she is exiled.
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Creon's Daughter
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Set to be wed to Jason, killed by Medea with a delicate robe and a golden crown.
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Tutor
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Teacher of Medea's Children
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Medea Messenger
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Describes the death of Creon and his daughter, warns Medea that she needs to flee Corinth.
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The Argo
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The ship that Jason sailed on to acquire the golden fleece.
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Golden Fleece
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The pelt of gold-haired winged ram, which was held in Colchis; a symbol of authority and kingship.
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Corinth
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Where Jason and Medea settle down after fleeing their homeland.
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Colchis
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Where the golden fleece was located.
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Helios
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Medea's grandfather, god of the sun.
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Golden Crown
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A gift from Medea to Creon's daughter, it catches fire and burns the moment she dons it.
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The Children
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Killed by Medea in order to destroy Jason.
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Filicide
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The act of killing your own children.
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Chariot
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Medea appears above her home in Corinth with the bodies of her children riding this, which belonged to her grandfather, Helios.
