World history unit 4 – Flashcards
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Imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically,or socially
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Racism
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The belief that one race is superior to others
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Social Darwinism
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The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies-particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
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Boer
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A Dutch colonist in South Africa
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Boer war
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A conflict lasting from 1899 to 1902 in which the boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa
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Paternalism
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A policy of treating subject people as if they were children,providing for their needs but not giving them rights
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Assimilation
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A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
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Caudillo
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A military dictator of a Latin American country
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Monroe doctrine
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U.S policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by president James Monroe in 1823
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Spanish-American war
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An 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the United States supported Cubans fight for independence
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Panama Canal
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A human made waterway connecting the Atlantic and pacific oceans,built in Panama by the United States and opened in 1914
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Roosevelt corollary
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President Theodore Roosevelts 1904 extension of the Monroe doctrine, in which he declared that the United States had the right to exercise "police power" throughout the Western Hemisphere
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Cecil Rhodes
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A successful British businessman and major supporter of British expansion in Africa
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Liliuokalani
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Hawaii's only queen and last monarch; called for a new constitution to increase her power and restore political power of Hawaiians at the expense of wealthy American planters
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Jose Marti
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A writer who had been exiled from Cuba by the Spanish;returned to launch a second war for independence
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Santa Anna
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Mexican president for four terms;lost the battle for Texas lost the war to the U.S Mexican land that included California and the American Southwest
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Benito Juarez
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Raised a poor Zapotec Indian;was elected president of Mexico in 1861;fought against French invasion;was reelected president in 1867
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Porfirio Diaz
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Mexican Indian from Oaxaca who became a noted general in the civil war and the fight against the French;ousted Juarez from the presidency, and became president; used strong-arm methods to remain president,and created order in Mexico
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Fransisco Madero
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Believed in democracy and wanted to strengthen its hold in Mexico;announced his candidacy for president in 1910,but Diaz had him arrested;from exile in the United States,he called for an armed revolution against Diaz
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Pancho Villa
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Military leader in the northern part of Mexico;had a bold Robin Hood policy of taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor
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Name three motives behind the European race for colonies
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Economic, political, and social forces accelerated the drive to take over land in all parts of the globe. It also grew out of a strong sense of national pride
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Name the outcomes of the Berlin conference in 1884 and 1885
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Only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control. Few Africans bought European goods
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What were the four methods of European colonial control that emerged over time?
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Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism
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Why did European powers race each other to claim land in southeast asia
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Westerners recognized the value of the pacific colonies as sources of tropical agriculture, minerals and oil. They challenged each other for their own parts of the prize
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Describe the system of peonage in Latin America
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The employers paid their workers with vouchers that could be used only at their own supply stores. Wages were low and prices high, workers went into debt. Their debt accumulated and passed from one generation to the next. "Free workers were little better than slaves"
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Describe the events leading up to the battle between Mexico and Texas
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Mexico encouraged American citizens to move to the Mexican territory of Texas to help populate the country. Thousands of Anglos answered the call. In return for inexpensive land, they pledged to follow the laws of Mexico. As the Anglo population grew, thought, tensions developed between colonists and Mexico over several issues,including slavery and religion
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Shaka
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A Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state in Southern Africa
