World History Semester 1 Review – Flashcards
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The Neolithic Revolution occurred when people discovered how to:
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Grow food and domesticate animals
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List two effects from domesticating animals
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Surplus of food, division of labor and complex civilization
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What is one difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations?
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Political organizations were more elaborate
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What creation marked the beginning of civilization?
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Farming villages
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List two major characteristics of Christianity
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Monotheistic, all-powerful God
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How did the Jewish view of God differ from the beliefs of most people in the ancient world?
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The Jewish believed in one God (monotheistic)
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List one characteristic of the "Golden Age" of Muslim culture
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Tolerance of civil religions
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Sikhism blended the beliefs of Islam with those of what religion?
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Hinduism
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List two different beliefs between Hindus and Buddhists
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Caste system
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Buddha taught that a person could achieve enlightenment through:
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Meditation
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How did the Hindus believe the caste system would change for a person?
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Karma
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The idea of a superior (ruler, husband, father, elder brother) being socially above Inferior (subject, wife, son, younger brother) show the ideas of:
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Confucianism
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Which religion is most closely associated with self-denial, meditation, the "Four Noble Truths", and nirvana?
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Buddhism
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Which are the duties (5 pillars) for followers of Islam?
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Ala- only God, Muhammad- God's messenger, give money to the poor, pilgrimage (Hajj), fasting
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List two accomplishments from the Gupta Empire
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Concept of zero, sand script language
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How did Han emperors select officials to run the government?
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Civil service exams
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What are two similarities between the ancient civilizations of Egypt and China?
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Agriculture and written forms of communication
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What characteristics about the Indus River Valley civilizations would show they had a strong centralized government?
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Organized pattern of streets
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The Aryans divided people into classes by:
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Race
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An archaeologist discovered a preserved mummy, hieroglyphics written on stone walls, and an embalmed pharaoh. Where was this site most likely found?
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Egypt
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The river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, the Nile, the Indus and the Yellow River were centers of civilization because they:
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Provided fertile soil, fresh water and warm climates
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Describe the role of government in the Shang Dynasty
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Feudal clans had control
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What is the Mandate of Heaven?
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Dynastic Cycle in China
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List 3 examples of "cultural diffusion" in early Chinese history
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Trade, use of paper, spread of Buddhism
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What was brought to India by the Aryans?
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The Caste System
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"If a noble knocked out the tooth of another noble, he will knock out his tooth. If he knocked out a commoner's tooth, he'll pay one-third mina of silver." Which principle of Babylonian society does this excerpt from the Code of Hammurabi illustrate?
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Divisions existed between social classes
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The Code of Hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it:
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Established written code of law
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What religions were practiced in Ancient China?
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Buddhism
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Brahmins (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors) Vaisyas (farmers, herders, merchants, craftspeople) Sudras (farm workers, servants, laborers) What is this illustrating?
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The Caste System
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Which emperor was most influential in spreading Buddhism and peace in India?
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Asoka
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What duty did Confucius say was the most important in Ancient China?
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Respect your elders
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What do the architectural achievements of the Colosseum, Pyramids and Great Wall of China indicate?
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Advanced building techniques
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List three important social differences between the ancient city-states of Sparta and Athens
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Sparta had a strong military influence, Athens revolved more around art and literature
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List three differences of citizens in Athens and Sparta
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In Sparta the people had little voice, in Athens the people had a say in the government
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The rocky islands and isolated valleys of Greece contributed to:
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Independent city-states
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List the geographic factors that influenced the creation of Greek city-states
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Rocky islands and isolated valleys
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Which culture created marble temples such as the Parthenon with ideal proportions and the first works of drama and history?
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Greece
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Citizens of Athens had the right to openly discuss issues and vote in the assembly. This is an example of:
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Democracy
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"He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire..." Which feature of Western democratic government reflects Aristotle's views as given above?
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Government action must follow laws
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Ancient Athenian democracy led to what characteristics that is central to the American democracy?
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Citizens directly participate
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A direct democracy lets:
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People vote directly on laws
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"We regard an individual that takes no interest in public affairs not as harmless but as useless" The quotation above illustrates the importance ancient Athenians placed on individual participation in the:
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Government
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The Lincoln Memorial was influenced by what piece of Greek architecture?
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The Parthenon
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"Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that a_____; that in which more than one but not many rule, we call_____: when citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the government is called a_____.
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Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy
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What conclusion can be drawn from the "Development of the Alphabet" chart?
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Language developed from Phoenician to Greek to Latin
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What geographic characteristic of Greece provided a link to the outside world?
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Seas
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Which society was the first to practice a democracy?
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Athens
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One way in which the actions of Cyrus the Great and Alexander the Great were similar was that each:
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Conquered neighbors to create a vast empire
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Alexander the Great's most lasting achievement was:
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Spread of Greek culture (Hellenism)
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Greece's mountainous terrain and its series of small islands encouraged the Ancient Greeks to develop:
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Individual city-states
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Gracchi brothers attempt land reforms, slave revolt, first triumvirate formed, Julius Caesar assassinated, Octavian wins civil war The main effect of the events above was the:
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Formation of Roman Empire
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Why did Constantinople become the center of the Byzantine Empire?
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Roman Empire moved East and it was a good area for trade
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"Western Europe went into a long, deep sleep. Learning was found only in the religious orders. Fear and chaos reigned." What period in history does this statement by a historian best describe?
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Western Europe after the fall of Rome
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Two immediate results of the fall of the Roman Empire were:
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Weak central government and period of economic disorder
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List three effects from the fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe
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Warfare disrupted trade throughout Europe, travel became unsafe because of violence and cities were abandoned
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How long did the "fall of Rome" take?
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Long process of change
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How were the collapses of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty similar?
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Pressure from outside invaders
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The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both:
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Developed trade networks
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Where did Rome do the majority of its trading?
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Mediterranean
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Theory that the Roman Empire united the Mediterranean region under its control because:
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Rome was centrally located
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In what way were the Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome similar?
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Established written codes of law
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Why was the Ancient Roman system of justice considered a milestone?
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Served as a model for later European legal systems
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Roman art with their emphasis on preciseness or exactness is called:
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Realism
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The biggest accomplishment of Roman engineering was:
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Arches
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Describe the role of trade in the Byzantine Empire
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Constantinople was a trade capital
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"The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church property. The Truce of God forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday morning, on holidays, and during the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent." The main idea of this passage is that:
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Limited when and where people could fight
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What was the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
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Provided a sense of stability and order
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In the Byzantine Empire, one important feature of life was the development of:
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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A major goal of the Catholic Church during the Crusades (1096-1291) was to:
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Gain control of the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
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What did the caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe have in common?
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Heredity social classes
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Which group made up the largest part of the population in feudal society?
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Serfs/ peasants
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Feudalism evolved in response to a need for:
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Protection
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What was the primary characteristics of feudal society in medieval Europe?
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Exchange of land for services
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In Western Europe, feudalism developed after the:
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Turmoil of repeated invasions
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The Black Death spread to Europe as a result of contact with:
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Asia
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Why was the Magna Carta an important English document?
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Because it asserted that the king must obey the law and granted certain rights to the people
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What was an important outcome of the Hundred Years War?
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A reliance on new weapons, decreased importance on knights
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What was the location of the Islamic defeat at the Battle of Tours?
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France
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List three effects of the Crusades on Europe
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Increased trade
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The history of the Crusades is:
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Seen as a massive failure
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Byzantine Empire: Preserving Greek and Roman Culture, Justinian's Code of Law, Constantinople, Hagia Sophia, ____ What phrase best completes the list above?
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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Describe Ibn Battuta's point of view in this passage
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Ruler of Mali was rich and powerful
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Which goods were traded in Timbuktu?
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Gold and salt
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Which conclusion can best be drawn about the region of Africa?
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Benefitted from trade, both traded gold and salt
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One important way in which the Silk Road and West African trade route were similar was that along these routes:
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Merchant interaction, trade of goods
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What prevented Islamic conquest of Subsaharan Africa?
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Dense vegetation
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How did Hernan Cortes and Montezuma differ in their points of view of their encounter?
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Cortes was focussed on wealth and Montezuma was focused on tragedy and death
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A study of the Aztec, Mayan and Inca agricultural systems would show that these civilizations:
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Adapted to the environment
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What did the Incan civilization rely on to connect the empire?
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System of roads
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What was part of pre-Columbian Inca civilization?
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Cooperation and agriculture
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List two reasons why Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer to Aztecs
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Disease and technology
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The Aztec calendar and the Mayan use of zero both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas:
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Advanced in math and science
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An Aztec temple and Machu Picchu indicate that ancient pre-Columbian civilizations:
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Had engineering skills to produce complex structures
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Central to classical Athens and Western political thought today were the ideas of:
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Individual achievement, dignity and worth
