question

occupied Spain and Italy until the Ostrogoths, another Germainc tribe, took control of Italy in the 5th century

answer

Visigoths

question

Germanic people who took control of Italy from the Visigoths

answer

Ostrogoths

question

Germanic tribes from Denmark and northern Germany who settled in Britain after the Romans abandoned Britain at the beginning of the 5th century

answer

Anglos and Saxons

question

the kingdom of the Franks was established by ________________, a strong military leader who around 500 becamse th firt Germainc ruler to convert to Christianity; found out that his conversion to Christianity the support of the Roman Catholic Church

answer

Clovis

question

a fine, the amount paid by the wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed; translates as "money for a man"; value varied according to social status; used in Germanic society

answer

wergild

question

one means of determining guilt in Germanic law; ______________ was based on the idea of divine intervention. All ___________ involved physical trial of some sort such as holding a red-hot iron. It was believed that divine intervention would not let an innocent person be harmed; if the person was unharmed after a physical trial, or ___________, he or she was presumed innocent

answer

ordeal

question

also called diocese; a group of parishes headed by a bishop --- his area of authority is called this; an archbishop joined together the ________________

answer

bishopric

question

Title given to the heads of the Roman Catholic Church; from the latin word "father"; viewed as Peter's successors

answer

popes

question

"Gregory the Great"; broadened the authority of the papacy, or pope's office, beyond spiritual role; papacy became secular power involved in politics

answer

Gregory I

question

office of the pope

answer

papacy

question

A group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until 1870. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short and reached their greatest extent in 1859. The last papal state—the Vatican City—was formally established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929.

answer

Papal States

question

A man who has taken a solemn vow to devote his life to prayer and service in a monastery; became the social workers of their communities; providing schools, hospitality for travelers and hospitals for the sick; taught peasants carpentry and made agricultural improvements that they passed on to others

answer

monk

question

the practice of living the life of a monk is knows as a _________________

answer

monasticism

question

____________ wrote a boo set of rules to guide a community of monks he founded; this community became the model for monasticism

answer

Benedict of Nursia

question

leader of a benedictine monastery; father

answer

abbot

question

English and Irish monks who were sent out to carry religious message - who undertook the conversion of non-Christian peoples, especially in German lands

answer

missionaries

question

women who like munks withdrew from the world to dedicate themselves to God; lived in convents

answer

nuns

question

women who were the head of convents; many of them belonged to royal houses, especially in Anglo-saxon England

answer

abbesses

question

In the kingdom of Northumbria, for example, _________ founded the monastery of Whitby in 657; as abbess she was responsible for giving learning an important role in life of all the monstary and helped educate five future bishops

answer

Hilda

question

He was Charles Martel's son, the leader who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732; ____________ finally took the logical step of assuming the kingship for himseld and his family; upon his death his son Charlemagne "Charles the Great" becams tne new Frankish King in 768

answer

Pepin

question

Charles the Great; son of Pepin; ___________ was highly intelligent and curious; ___________ was a fierce warrior, a strong statesman, and a pious Christian. Although possibly unable to write, he was a wise patron - supporter - of learning; ruled from 768 to 814; greatly expanded the Frankish kingdom and created what came to known as the Carolingian Empire; crowned Roman Emperor in 800

answer

Charlemagne

question

created by Charlamagne; at its height covered much of western and central Europe. Not until Napolean Bonaparte's time in the nineteenth century would an empire its size be seen again in Europe

answer

Carolingian Empire

question

German nobles who acted as the king's chief local representatives in the Carolingian Empire

answer

counts

question

messengers of the lord king - two men sent out to local districts during the Carolingian Empire to local districts to ensure that the counts carried out the king's wishes

answer

missi dominici

question

rebirth; the rival involved renewed interest in latin culture and classical works - the works of the Greeks and Romans; monastaries played a central role in this cutural renewal; by the 800s, the work asked of Benedictine monks included copying manuscripts

answer

Carolingian Renaissance

question

writing rooms used by benedictine monks during the Carolingian Renaissance to copy manuscripts including the bible and latin manuscripts

answer

scriptoria

question

In the 9th and 10th centuries, western Europe was beset by a wave of invasions. The Muslims attacked the southern coasts of Europe and sent raiding parties into Southern France. The _________________ a people from western Asia, moved into central Europe at the end of the 9th century, settled on the plains of Hungary and invaded western Europe.

answer

Magyars

question

The Maygars, a people from western Asia, moved into central Europe at the end of the 9th century, settled on the plains of ______________ and invaded western Europe

answer

Hungary

question

The most far-reaching attacks of the time, however, came from the Norsemen or the Northmen of Scandanavia, also called the _______________. The __________ were a Germanic people. Their great love of adventure and their search for spoils of war and new avenues of trade may have been what led them to invade other areas of Europe. The _______ were warriors, and they were superb shipbuilders and sailors.

answer

Vikings

question

Beginning in 911, the ruler of the west Frankish lands gave one band of Vikings land at the mouth of the Seine River, forming a section of France that came to be known as __________.

answer

Normandy

question

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

answer

feudalism

question

At the heart of feudalism, was the idea of ______________. In Germanic society, warriors swore an oath of loyalty to their leaders and fought in battles for them. The leaders in turn took care of the warrior's needs.

answer

vassalage

question

By the 8th century, a man who served a lord in a military capacity was known as a ___________.

answer

vassal

question

armor made of metal links or plates

answer

coats of mail

question

For almost 5 hundred yrs., warfare in Europe was dominated by heavily armored calvary, or __________, as they came to be called. The __________ had great social prestige and formed the backbone of the European Aristocracy.

answer

knights

question

was land

answer

most important gift a lord could give to a vassal

question

By the 9th century, the grant of land made to a vassal was a ___________. Vassals who had _________s came to hold political authority with in them.

answer

fief

question

The __________-__________ relationship bound together greater and lesser landowners; it was a honorable relationship between free men and implied no sense of servitude

answer

lord-vassal relationship

question

Feudalism came to be characterized by a set of unwritten rules- known as the _______ __________.- that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal. The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to perform military service, usually about 40 days a year.

answer

feudal contract

question

The __________ were the kings, dukes, counts, barons, and even bishops and archbishops who had large landed estates

answer

nobles

question

Trained to be warriors but with no adult responsibilities, young knights had little to do but fight. In the 12th century _____________-contests where knights could demonstrate their fighting skills - began to appear

answer

tournaments

question

By the late 12th century, the ________-individual combat between two knights - had become the main part of the tournament

answer

joust

question

In the 11th and 12th centuries, under the influence of the Catholic Church, there gradually evolved among the nobility an ideal of civilized behavior, called _______________. _____________ was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold. In addition to their oath to defend the Church an ddefenseless people, knights were expected to treat captivs as honored guests instead of putting them in dungeons. In terms of the treatment women, _______ put the aristocratic woman on a pedestal. _____________ also implied that knights should fight only for glory and not for material rewards

answer

chivalry

question

Perhaps the most famous woman in Europe, __________________ was one of most remarkable personalities of 12th century Europe. Heiress to the duchy of Aquitaine in southwestern France, she was married at the age of 15 to King Louis VII of France. The marriage was not a happy one, and Louis had their marriage annulled. Eleanor married again, only 8 wks later, to DUKE HENRY of NORMANDY who soon became KING HENRY II of ENGLAND. Henry and __________ had a stormy relationship. She spent much time abroad in her native Aquitane, where she created a brilliant court dedicated to cultural activities. She and Henry had 8 children (5 were sons) Two sons RICHARD and JOHN - became kings of ENGLAND; as she aged she continued to travel and to arrange royal and noble wedddings and to manage her estates. She lived until her 80s dying in 1204 in an abbey.

answer

Eleanor of Aquitaine

question

______________ had united various kingdoms in the late ninth century, and since then England had been ruled by ANGLO-SAXON KINGS

answer

King Alfred the Great

question

On October 14, 1066, an army of heavily armed knights under ______________ landed on the coast of England and soundly defeated KING HAROLD and his foot soldiers at the BATTLE OF HASTINGS. ____________ was crowned KING OF ENGLAND. Norman knights received parcels of land which they held as FEIFS, from the king. ________________ made all nobles swear an oath of loyalty to him as sole ruler of England. ______________ took a census known as teh DOMESDAY BOOK. It was the first census taken in Europe since Roman times. ______________ also developed more fully the system of taxation and royal courts begun by earlier Anglo-Saxon kings.

answer

William of Normandy

question

The power of the English monarchy was enlarged during the reign of ______________, from 1154 to 1189. ___________ increased the number of CRIMINAL CASES tried in the KINGS' COURT and also dvised means for taking property cases from local courts to the royal courts. By expanding the power of the royal courts, _________________ expanded the king's power. In addition the royal courts were now found throughout England , a body of COMMON LAW - law that was common to the whole kingdom- began to replace law codes that varied from place to place. __________ was less successful in imposing royal control over the Church

answer

Henry II

question

Started during reign of Henry II; when royal courts were now found throughout England, a body of __________ _________ - Law that was common to the whole kingdom- began to replace law codes that varied from place to place

answer

Common Law

question

_______________, archbishop of Canterbury and the highest-ranking English cleric, claimed that only Roman Catholic Courts could try clerics. An angry king publicly expressed the dsire to be rid of _____________. Four knights took the challenge and went to Cantebury and murdered the archbishp in the cathedral. Faced with public outrage, King Henry II backed down in his struggle with the church

answer

Thomas a Becket

question

Many English nobles resented the ongoing growth of the king's power and rebelled during the reign of King John. At Runnymede in 1215, King John was forced to put his seal on a document of the rights called the ____________ ______________ or the GREAT CHARTER; the ___________ ___________ gave written recognition to the recognized relationship between king and vassals which was based on mutual rights and obligations. The __________ __________ gave written recognition to that fact and was used in later years to strengthen the idea that a monarch's power was limited, not absolute.

answer

Magna Carta

question

In the 14th century, during the reign of Edward I, an important institution in the development of representative government - the English __________ - also emerge. It was composed of 2 knights from every county, two people from every town, and all of the nobles and bishops throughout England.; the ________ s of Edward I granted taxes, discussed politics, and passed laws

answer

Parliament

question

nobles and church lords eventually formed the _________ of ___________ from parliament

answer

House of Lords

question

Knights and townspeople became the __________ of ___________ from parliament

answer

House of Commons

question

In 987, the last Carolingian king died, the west Frankish nobles made __________ __________ thier king, establishing the CAPETIAN DYNASTY of French Kings

answer

Hugh Capet

question

Although the Capetian Kings or French kings had little real power. They royal domain, or lands controlled, included only the area around ___________., known as the ILE-DE-FRANCE.

answer

Paris

question

The reign of ________ II ___________, who reigned from 1180 to 1223 was a turning point in the French monarchy, expanding its income and power. ________ II _______ fought wars against the English to take control fo the French territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou and Aquitaine. __________' successors continued to add lands to the royal domain

answer

Philip II Augustus

question

Much of the 13th century was dominated by the reign of ______________. Deeply religious, he was later made a saint by the Catholic Church. ___________ was known for trying to bring justice to his people by hearing their complaints in person

answer

Louis IX

question

Called __________ the Fair, ruled form 1285 to 1314. He made the monarchy stronger by expanding the royal bureaucracy. Indeed by 1300, France was the largest and best governed monarch in Europe. __________ also created a French Parliament by meeting with members of the three ESTATES, or classes- the clergy, nobles, and townspeople and peasants

answer

Philip IV

question

classes - the clergy (first ________), the nobles (second _______), and the townspeople and peasants (third estate)

answer

estates

question

1st French Parlaiment started when Philip IV met with the estates

answer

Estates - General

question

Best known Saxon king of Germany. __________ was the patron of German culture and brough the Church under his control. In return for protecting the Pope, _______ was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962. The title had not been used since the time of Charlemagne. ____________'s creation of a new Roman Empire in the hands of the Germans had long-range consequences

answer

Otto I

question

Two german kings who tried to create a new kind of empire by controlling Germany and Italy; both were unsuccessful and weakened the German empire as a result;

answer

Frederick I and Frederick II

question

the _______ were originally a single people in Central Europe. Gradually divided into 3 major groups: the western, the southern, and eastern

answer

Slavs

question

__________ __________ eventually formed the Polish and Bohemian kingdoms

answer

Western Slavs

question

two byzantine missionary brothers who converted the eastern Slavic people of MORAVIA to Orthodox Christianity in 863; the Slavic peoples had no written language, _________ and ___________ develope dthe Cyrillic alphabet so that he could create a Christian Bible and liturgy in the Slavic language

answer

Cyril and Methodius

question

what the eastern slavic people including the Croats, Serbs and Bulgarians called the Swedish Viking invaders; origin of the word RUSSIA

answer

the Rus

question

Where one viking leader OLEG, settled at the beginning of the 10th century and created the RUS state known as the Principality of ____________

answer

Kiev

question

viking leader who settled in Kiev in the 10th century and created the Russian state known as the Principality of Kieve; opened trade with the Byzantines, increasing the properity of the Rus

answer

OLEG

question

In the 13th century, the Mongols conquered Russia. They occupied Russian lands and required Russian princes to pay tribute to them. One prince emerged as more powerful than the others. ___________ ___________ , prince of Novgorod, defeated a German invading army in northwestern Russia in 1242. The khan, leader of the western Mongol Empire, rewarded ______________ ___________ with the title of GRAND PRINCE. His descendants became princes of Moscow and eventually leaders of Russia

answer

Alexander Nevsky

question

During the 400s, Germanic tribes moved into Western Roman Empire and established their states. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire, centered in ______________, continued to exist, although pressured by powerful Islamic forces beginning in the 600s; ___________ was the largest city in Europe during the Middle Ages

answer

Constantinople

question

When ____________ became the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire in 527, he was determined to reestablish the Roman Empire in the entire Mediterranean world. By 552, he appeared to have achieved his goals. His empire included Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, PALESTINE and SYRIA. However, only 3 years after ___________'s death in 565, the Lombards had conquered much of Italy, and other areas were soon lost; MOST IMPORTAN CONTRIBUTION was his CODIFICATION of Roman LAW resulting in THE BODY OF CIVIL LAW

answer

Justinian

question

Part of Justian's Eastern Roman Empire including Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, ___________ and _________; Islamic forces defeated an army in Eastern Roman Empire at YARMUK in 636; resulted in Byzantine empire losing provinces of ____________ and ___________________.

answer

PALESTINE and SYRIA

question

created by Justinian, this code of Roman law became the basis of Imperial law in Eastern Roman Empire until its end in 1453. In addition it became the basis for much of the legal system in Europe.

answer

Body of Civil Law

question

Problems in the Byzantine empire also arose along the northern frontier as well, especially in the __________. In 679 the BULGARS took possession of the lowere DANUBE VALLEY, creating a stong BULGARIAN kingdom

answer

Balkans

question

By the beginning of the 8th century, the Eastern Roman Empire was much smaller, consisting only of the eastern Balkans and Asia Minor. Historians call this smaller empire the ________ Empire, a unique civilization that lasted until 1453; the ___________ empire was both a Greek and Christian state. Greek replaced Latin as the empire's official language; church became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

Because the emperor appointed the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church, known as the ____________, the emperor exercised control over church as well as state. The Byzantines believed that God had commanded their state to preserve the true Christian faith.

answer

Patriarch

question

In 1054, the pope and the Byzantine patriarch formally excommunicated each other - each took away the other's rights of church membership. This began a ___________ , or separation, between the two great branches of Christianity that has not been completely healed to this day.

answer

schism

question

From the 11th to 13th centuries, European Christians carried out a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land from Muslims. These expeditions are known as the ___________. The ______________ started when the Byzantine emperor asked for help against the Seljuk Turks, Muslims who had taken control of Asia Minor

answer

Crusades

question

Pope Urban II, who responded to the request of the Byzantine emperor for help against the Seljuk Turks, saw an opportunity to provide leadership for a great cause. That cause was rallying Europe's warriors to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the ______________ or unbelievers- Muslims

answer

infidels

question

It was not easy for the crusader kingdoms to maintain themselves in the East. By 1140s, the Muslims had begun to stirke back. The fall of one of the Latin Kingdoms to the Muslims led to calls for another crusad, especially from the monastic leader ___________ of ___________. He managed to enlist two powerful rulers, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany, in a Second Crusade. This campaing however was a total failure.

answer

Bernard of Clairvaux

question

In 1187, the Holy City of Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces under ___________. Three rulers then ageed to lead a third crusade. After Philip returned home, Richard negotiated a settlement with ___________ that permitted Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem.

answer

Saladin

question

6 yrs after Saladin's death in 1193, ______ ________ III initiated the fourth crusade. As it headed east, the crusading army became involved in a fight over the byzantine throne. The Venetian leaders of the crusade used the situation to weaken their greatest commercial competitor, the Byzantine Empire. In 1204, the cursaders sacked Constantinople, adding to the division between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.

answer

Pope Innocent III

question

conquered the remaining Byzantine Empire in 1453

answer

Ottoman Turks

question

was political. they eventually helped to break down FEUDALISM; by the mid - 1400s four strong nation states- Portugal, Spain, England, and France would emerge in Europe

answer

Greatest impact of the crusades

World History Chp 9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards