World History Absolutism Study Guide – Flashcards
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How is absolutism defined?
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The form of govt in which all power is vested in a single ruler
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What is the theory of Divine Right?
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The belief that god granted monarchs with the power to rule
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What are causes of Absolutism?
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Decline in Federalism; Loss in church authority; Growth of national kingdoms; Rise of cities; Support of middle class; Religious/territorial conflicts; Revolts by peasants and nobles; Growth of national armies; Need for higher taxes
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What are the effects of Absolutism?
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Strict religious and social regulations; Loss of nobility power; Tight economic control; Large building projects; Westernization of Russia; Political reform; Impact on development of U.S. Democracy; Political revolution in france
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Who were the Boyars? how did absolute rulers in Russian keep their power in check?
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They were Russian nobles. Kept their power in check by seizing their land and placing them under the kings control.
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How did Peter the great demonstrate absolutism?
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He forced Russian nobility to adopt western customs
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Who westernized Russia? Why? Examples?
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Peter the great because he wanted Russia to be more like the western countries. Ex Built a more western capital; Changed their cloths, hairstyle, and ideology on women and parties
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Define Huguenots. How did the Edict of Nantes affect them? Who repealed it & why?
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They were french protestants. It allowed them to worship in areas where they were the majority. Louis XIV repealed it to end religious toleration for protestants
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Who was Louis XIV? What was his nickname? Why?
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He was the most famous ruler in french history. His was called the sun god because he worked from sun up till sun down
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How did Louis keep the power of the nobility in check?
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He made them exempts from taxes
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How did Louis demonstrate absolute rule?
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He built a huge palace at versailles
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Why was the Palace of Versailles significant?
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Because it showed Louis was the absolute rules and it put France in great debt
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English Family Tree
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Learn and study this
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How and why did the Stuarts come to the English throne?
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When Elizabeth died, her cousin, James VI, came into rule thus starting the Stuarts dynasty
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What was the nature of James I's relationship with Parliament? Why?
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It was very strained because of money issues and because he was weak on foreign policy
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Who were the Puritans? What did they want?
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People who felt there was too much Catholic influence on the Church of England and they wanted to purify it.
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How did the actions of Charles I lead to the English Civil War
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Charles I dissolved Parliament but then was forced to call them back into session and they wanted to limit his power but he didn't want them to so they went to war
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Describe each side - Roundheads Vs. Cavaliers
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Roundheads - Supported Parliament, Cavaliers - Supported the king.
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What happened to Charles I during the English Civil War?
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He was Executed/Beheaded
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How did Oliver Cromwell come into power? What was his official title? How did he rule England?
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After the king was executed, the monarchy & the house of lords were abolished and Cromwell was named lord protector of England. Placed England under military rule
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What was the Restoration? Who was the first monarch after the Restoration?
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After Cromwell's rule ended, the rump parliament reestablished the English Monarchy and named Charles II the new English Monarch.
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What is a constitutional monarchy? How is it different from an absolute monarchy?
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When the power of the monarch is limited by a constitution or by laws. The difference is absolute monarchs aren't limited at all.
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What was the Habeas Corpus Act
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A person can not be held in prison without just cause/a trial
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What did Tories want? What did Whigs want?
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Tories wanted a hereditary monarchy. Whigs wanted to exclude Charles' brother (James II) from the thrown
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How did James II cause problems with Parliament?
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He went into power and appointed Catholics into govt positions
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Who were William & Mary? Why & how did they overthrow James II?
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Mary was James' daughter and William was her husband. They overthrew James II because parliament asked them to and James fled
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What were the long term effects of the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution
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The Habeas Corpus Act; Parliament developed two political parties; England became an constitutional monarchy.
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What was the Enlightenment? what did enlightenment thinkers emphasize?
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A period when new human existence ideas were created. They emphasized government issues
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What are natural rights?
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Rights that you are born with. Right to life, liberty and property
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Major beliefs of Hobbes?
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Believed everyone was evil and believed in absolute power
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Major beliefs of Locke?
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Believed everyone has natural rights, people are good, and you can overthrow an unjust govt
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Major beliefs of Montesquieu?
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Believed in separation of powers and checks and balances
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Major beliefs of Rousseau?
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Believed in freedom and voting for govt officials
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Major beliefs of Voltaire
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Believed in freedom of religion and speech and believed in separation of church and state.
