World History 2022 – Flashcards

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The founder of the Safavid Dynasty could trace his ancestry back to all except
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Saladin
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Safavid power was spread through Persia by
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Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region
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The "red heads" were
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Followers of the Shi'ite doctrines of Safi al Dion
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Safavid Iran
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was strongly influenced by Turkish elements with the society
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All of the following were true of Safavid Iran except
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Its wealth was much greater than its neighbors, the Mughal and Ottoman empires
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Which of the following is a true statement about Safavid culture?
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The ascent of Persian poetry gave rise to the greatness of Safavid poetry
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Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India,
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Established his northern Indian domain after his conquest of Delhi, and died at the age of 47.
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Which of the following statements is not an accurate observation of the Mughal rule of Akbar in India?
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He became a militant Buddhist during the latter half of the century.
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The Mughal rule of Akbar in India
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Overall was a time of peace and prosperity
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Akbar was succeeded by his son and grandson, respectively
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Jahangir and Shah Jahan
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All of the following were true about the reign of Shah Jahan except that
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Famine and drought did not plague India during his rule
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The son of Shah Jahan, who killed his brother, imprisoned his father and then assumed the throne himself was
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Aurangzeb
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Mughal decline was most probably not caused by the
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Fall of the Safavid empire
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Aurangzeb
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Issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs
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The British presence in India significantly began in 1515 when they
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Were granted the right to have their own representative at the court in Agra
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In the European competition for the control of India,
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Sir Robert Clive was more successful than Joseph Francois Dupleix
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Before 1858, British India was in the hands of the
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British East India Company
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In the daily life of Mughal India, he Muslim practice of barring women from associating with men outside the home was known as
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Prudah
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The status of women under the Mughal regime
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Varied greatly, with women at court sometimes receiving education as under Emperor Akbar
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Mughal architectural developments
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Often blended Persian and Indian styles to achieve new and beautiful results
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The first European sea-faring nation desiring to trade with China and who arrived in 1514 was
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Portugal
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The Portuguese base of operations in China, granted when they arrived in China, was the territory of
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Macao
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The Ming dynasty
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Sent a fleet far into the Indian Ocean
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The Christian missionaries who accompanied the European merchant ships to East Asia
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Seemed less threatening to the Ming and Qing dynasties than to the Tokagawa shogunate
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The peasant revolt that brought down the preoccupied Ming dynasty, and precipitated the ascension to control of the Manchus, was led by the disgruntled postal worker
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Li Zicheng
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The name of the Chinese dynasty established by the Manchus was th
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Qing
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IN comparing Mongol and Manchu rule in China, it can be accurately stated that the
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Manchus were more successful than the Mongols
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Arguably the greatest ruler in Chinese history wa
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Kangxi
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As a result of the controversy over the policy of Jesuit missionaries accommodating Chinese religious beliefs in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity,
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The Pope forbade the practice of ancestor worship
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The Primary fighting force of Qing China was the
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Bannerman
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The purpose of the Qing system known as diarchy was
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A mechanism for sharing of administrative positions by Manchus and Chinese
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Government under the Qing Dynasty
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Saw compromises made in the civil service examination system as positions were increasingly assigned to candidates who purchased their degrees
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Qianlong
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Fell under the influence of corrupt court elements
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The rule of Qing was weakened by the
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Corrupt behavior of Heshen
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The boundary dispute between the Russian tsar and the Qing was settled by the treaty of
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Nerchinsk
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The "Sacred Edict" delineating proper Confucian behavior was issued by
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Kangxi
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The Treaty of Nerchinsk
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Settled the location of the Sino=Russian boundary
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It is accurate to say that
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American crops such as peanuts and maize were introduced into China in the Qing Dynasty
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China's population
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Grew fast during the 1600 - 1800 period, reaching over 300,000,000 by 1800
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Which of the following is accurate regarding the effects of Qianlong's trade policy with England?
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It set the stage for a future of Chinese degradation and decline.
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As manufacturing and commerce began to grow in Ming and Qing China,
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The elite retained a preference for agriculture
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Concerning the role of women in traditional China, which of the following is not true?
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Women were prohibited, on penalty of death, from studying the Confucian classics
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In Qing China,
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Love was seen as a problem because it diverted a couple from their duties to the larger family
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Gold Vase Plum
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Is two centuries ahead or the earliest European examples of a realistic social novel
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The work that is considered to be China's most distinguished popular novel in
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The Dream of the Red Chamber
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Probably the best-known artistic achievements of the Ming era were the famous
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Silk masterpieces of the Chinoiserie
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The Renaissance began in
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Italy
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The phrase l'uomo universal means that one should
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Be capable of achievements in many areas
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This Renaissance woman defended the right of women to pursue scholarly pursuits
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Laura Cerata
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An Italian intellectual who hunted down ancient manuscripts and emphasized classical Latin was
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Petrarch
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The ideal of early fifteenth-century Humanists was to
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Serve the state
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The principles of Early Renaissance art
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Were demonstrated in the frescoes of Masaccio, which employed the laws of perspective and a more realistic relationship between figures and landscape
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Renaissance Artists
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Focused on a realistic portrayal of human beings and nature
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The Architect Filippo Brunelleschi was inspired by
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Roman models
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the divine beauty of the ceiling figures in the Sistine Chapel are a reflection of the Neo-Platonism of
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Michelangelo
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The artist who painted the Sistine chapel and who sculpted the statue of David was
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Michelangelo
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Which area failed to establish a centralized territorial state by the end of the fifteenth century?
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Italy
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Italian city states such as Venice and Florence would best be described as
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Merchant Oligarchies
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France's Louis XI was known as the
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Spider
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The English king most responsible for creating a strong monarchical government was
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Henry VII
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All of the following are correct about the Holy Roman Empire in the fifteenth century except
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It was a strong centralized territorial state
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All of the following were true of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in Europe except
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Centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe
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Western historians customarily regard this as the crucial point in opening the trade routes to the East
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The voyages of Vasco de Gama
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By the early 1400s,a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported
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In Muslim ships
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By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was
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Timbuktu
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Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following except
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Fear that Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not
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Prince Henry
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Established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419
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Influential cargo brought back to Portugal from the West African coastal voyages in 1441 was
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Slaves
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The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by
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Bartolemeu Dias
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All of the following were true of the Portuguese foray in overseas trade except that they
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Employed the standard methods of peaceful competition that existed before they venture into those new foreign regions
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The Portuguese leaders who first landed at Calicut and seized the port of Malacca were, respectively
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Vasco de Gama and Alfonso de Albuquerque
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The Treaty of Tordesillas
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Divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal
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Under the encomiendo system, New World natives were
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Supposed to be protected by the Spanish
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The Dutch and Portuguese
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WEre bitter trade rivals in Southeast Asia until the Dutch won out
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Developments that helped Europeans expand their influence on the oceans included all except
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The construction of gigantic ships, even larger than those employed t]by the Ming's Zhenghe
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The Spanish base of operations in Southeast Asia was established in
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The Philippines
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The writer who best gave expression to the sixteenth-century preoccupation with political power was
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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Southeast Asia, by the 1700s
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had experienced a blend of Buddhists and Islamic traditions in the governing politics of the regions
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The great destruction of indigenous civilizations and the establishment of European colonies during the European ge of Explorations occurred in
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America
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the reaction of the states of Southeast Asia to the pressures created by the Europeans in the seventeenth century?
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The states on the mainland were more successful in maintaining their independence then the island states were
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Which of the following products attracted the greatest European interest in Southeast Asia in the period between 1500 and 1800?
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Pepper and other spices
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In spite of their resistance to foreign encroachment, the Portuguese were able to establish trading outposts in all of the following except
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Laos
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Life in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was probably better than it was in other parts of Asia during the same time period because
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The region's geography provided soils that produced beneficial products.
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Southeast Asia produced all of the following for export in the 1700s except
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Steel
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Ties between religion and kingship in Southeast Asia
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included Buddhist kings, Javanese kings, Vietnamese emperors, and Islamic sultans.
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The Javanese kingship model
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included a semi-divine monarch until Islamic influence weakened the semi-divine perception
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Foreign trade in Southeast Asia was
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mainly involved in the export of raw materials
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Life in Southeast Asia was
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more favorable for women than elsewhere in Asia
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Which of the following is not correct about the economy of Southeast Asia in the sixteenth century
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The region exported nothing but agricultural produce.
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Machiavelli's emphasis that ends justify the means had been expressed earlier by
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India's Kautilya
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The third estates included
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peasant, merchants and artisans
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Peasants made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate except in
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Flanders and northern Italy
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Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe?
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Chinese influence of European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper
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The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform of Christian humanism was
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Desiderius Erasmus
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Among the complaints of religious Europeans around 1500 was
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The belief that the clergy were too interested in Financial matters and uninterested in religion
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Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther?
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Acts of good work are the sole source of Salvation
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Enlightenment advocates of economic liberalism
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Believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest
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The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was
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Adam Smith
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."
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Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?
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A fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm and gentle action
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Lyrical Rococo depictions of aristocratic life were expressed in the work of
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Antoine Watteau
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All of the following were true about European population and food supplies except
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as the eighteenth century progressed, European population declined
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The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was
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textiles
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Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade
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Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain
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Outside Europe, the major scenes of battle in the Seven Years' War were
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India and North America
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In eighteenth-century Europe,
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Nobles constituted approximately two or three percent of the population
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In line with mercantilist theory,
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American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans
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The formal event which led to the break between American colonies and England was the
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Signing of the declaration of independence
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In the American Revolution, the rebels
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received the support of a number of European countries
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Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French forced defeated General Cornwallis at
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Yorktown
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The new United States constitution of 1787
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employed Montesquieu conception of the separation of powers
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Which of the following was not a direct result of the Seven Years' War?
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The Dutch permanently withdrew from the New World
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Marian Winkelmann was the author of the Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
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False
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In the Enlightenment, many intellectuals argued that women were by nature inferior to men.
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True
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Balthasar Neumann's pilgrimage church of the Vierzehnheligien exemplified the Baroque-Rococo architectural style.
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True
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By the end of the eighteenth century, serfdom had come to an end in Eastern Europe but it still existed in Western Europe, and was to prove one of the causes of the French Revolution.
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False
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By 1763, Great Britain had become one of the world's greatest colonial powers.
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True
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Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther
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Acts of good work are the sole source of salvation
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As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg,
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Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in the Germanics
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The Institutes of the Christian Religion, a masterful synthesis of protestant thought, was written by
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John Calvin
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The city most associated with Calvin is
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Geneva
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John Calvin
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Advanced the doctrine of predestination
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An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church was because
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He could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon
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After Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury,
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Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church.
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After the death of Henry VIII, England
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became more Protestant under Edward VI
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Which of the following are correct statements about life in Protestant Europe in the 1500s and 1600s?
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Ministers were allowed to get married and have families.
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Which of the following would not characterize the Jesuit order?
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It arranged a theological compromise with the Protestants
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The pope who began the reformation of the papacy was
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Paul III
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The Council of Trent took the position that
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faith and good works were required for salvation.
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The Edict of Nantes
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legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France.
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The "most Catholic king" and ruler who sparked a civil war in the Netherlands was
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Philip II
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Queen Elizabeth I
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successfully survived the Spanish armada
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Among the major elements underlying the social crises of the 1600s was
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the Mediterranean area entered a steep economic decline as silver imports from Spanish colonies declined.
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All of the following were true about the witchcraft craze in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries except
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It was exclusively a big-city phenomenon
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Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except
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governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy.
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The Thirty Years' War
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was ended by the signing of the Peace of Westphalia
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The traditional example of seventeenth-century absolutism has been the rule of
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Louis XIV
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All of the following aided in the development of French absolutism except
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The king's ability to rule directly over the internal administration of the kingdom.
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The legacy Louis XIV left to France was
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a nation that was financially destitute and surrounded by enemies
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After the Turks were defeated in 1687, all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in Southeastern Europe the
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Austrian Empire
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The first Russian ruler who took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was
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Ivan IV
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All of the following were policies of Peter the Great except
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Isolating Russia from the ways and customs of the west.
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James I alienated England's Parliament because of his advocacy of
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Divine right of kings
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Puritans were all of the following except that
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they admired the Catholic elements in the Church of England
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The only military genius of the English Civil War was
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Oliver Cromwell
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The park that began the Glorious Revolution was the
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birth of a son to James II
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As a result of the Glorious Revolution in England
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Parliament became a major participant in the running of the English government.
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Baroque artists sought to harmonize the
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ideals of Renaissance art with spiritual feelings of the religious reformation
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The greatest figure of the Baroque was the architect and sculptor
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Bernini
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The golden age of English literature is represented by
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Shakespeare
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It is accurate to state that the
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Ottoman Turks gained control of much of the Balkans before they took Constantinople
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All of the following statements about Ottoman expansion are true except
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after the Kurdish seizure of Constantinople in 1521, Ottoman support of the new Kurdish ruler gave them greater control over Asia Minor.
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Constantinople was captured by the
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Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II
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The Ottoman Turks renamed Constantinople
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Istanbul
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All of the following were true about the expansion of the Ottoman Empire except
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by the early sixteenth century, Ottoman power allowed Murad to conquer African Ethiopia
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Which of the following is not true about the reign of Suleyman I the Magnificent?
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The Ottomans first captured the Slavic regions of Poland.
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Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the nature of the Ottoman governmental processes?
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The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam
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Ottoman decline was caused by all except
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conquest of Constantinople by Great Britain and France in the Crimean War.
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All of the following were true about the Janissaries except
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they fought on horseback as cavalry warriors
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The Japanese who seized Kyoto and spent his last years trying to consolidate his rule was
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Oda Nobunga
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi was able to accomplish all of the following except
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gain control of Korea
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The most powerful and lengthiest of all Japanese shogunate was begun by
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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The modern-day name for the capital city of Tokugawa shogunate is
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Tokyo
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The first Jesuit missionary to arrive in Japan was
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Francis Xavier
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Hideyoshi expelled missionaries from his domain in 1587 because the missionaries were
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interfering with local Japanese political matters
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In their attempt to follow tradition, the Tokugawa ruled through a coalition of daimyo and a council of elders called the
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bakufu
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The separate territories, or domains, of the Tokugawa shogunate were called
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Han
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The Tokugawa shoguns exerted control over the daimyo by
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Compelling the daimyo to maintain two residences, one in their own domain and one in Edo.
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In order to enhance its authority over the general population including the peasants, the shogunate relied upon
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Confucian maxims.
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During the "Great Peace" of the Tokugawa shogunate, all occurred except
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Japan opened its borders to the west in the seventeenth century.
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Saikaku was a major Japanese novelist who wrote about
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five women ready to die for love
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Basho
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was intrigued by the search for the meaning of existence
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During the Tokugawa period
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cotton became the dominant textile fabric, worn by most Japanese
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Unemployed samurai warriors were known as the
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ronin
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All of the following were part of Japan's "Dutch learning" except
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theology
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The Ptolemaic view of the inverse believed all of the following to be true except
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the planets were believed to be imperfect and material
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A discovery made by Galileo was the
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similarity of the material compositions of other planets and the moon to that of the earth
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The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus and Galileo because they
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threatened scriptures, as the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter.
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Newton's Principia
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supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo
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All of the following were relevant to Newton's discoveries except
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his theories had no spiritual ramifications.
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In the geocentric universe model, the earth revolves around the sun.
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False
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Cartesian dualism
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viewed mind and matter as two distinct and separate entities.
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Rene Descartes
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claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
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Which of the following was not one of the positive buzzwords of the Enlightenment:"
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Divine revelation
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The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the
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use of the scientific method to foster progress towards a better society
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The philosophes generally included all of the following except the
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the rural lower classes
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In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the writer who said each of us is born with a tabula rasa was
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John Locke
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Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable?
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A positive environment will create positive results
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The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was
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Montesquieu
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The most active opponent of religious intolerance and the most outspoken anti-Christians among the philosophes were
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Voltaire and Diderot
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