Winogradsky Column – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Bacteria that fix carbon dioxide and derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic ions are defined as what? |
answer
| chemolithoautotrophic |
question
| Chlorobium is a member of which group of which group of bacteria? |
answer
| phototrophic green sulfur bacteria |
question
| Name two genera of bacteria that are photoheterotrophs. |
answer
Rhodobacter Rhodospirillum |
question
| What very strong acid is produced by Thiobacillus when it oxidizes reduced forms of sulfur? |
answer
| sulfuric acid |
question
| What organism carries out sulfate respiration producing sulfides that cause the bottom of a Winogradsky column to turn black? |
answer
| Desulfovibrio deslfuricans |
question
| The anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria differ from plants in that the bacteria do not split water to produce what compound? |
answer
| Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria do not split water to produce O2, instead they split H2S to form organis sulfur. |
question
| What two photosynthetic pigments are synthesized by the purple nonsulfur bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| What wavelengths of light are absorbed by bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids? |
answer
|
question
| What type of growth conditions are necessary for the culture of the green and purple sulfur bacteria? |
answer
| They grow only under strict anaerobic conditions. |
question
| The red to brown coloration of cultures of the purple nonsulfur bacteria is due to what pigments? |
answer
| Both bacterichlorophyll and carotenoids combine to produce colors of broun, purple-reds, red, and green; however the carotenoids are the red-orange pigment and combined with the green of bacteriachlorophyll will produce brown |
question
| What substances are used by sulfate-reducing bacteria for their carbon requirements? |
answer
|
question
| Give examples of habitats where sulfate reducing bacteria are found. |
answer
|
question
| Which organisms can be found in the anaerobic zone. |
answer
|
question
| Which organisms grow in the black zone? |
answer
|
question
| For what is Cellulomonas responsible? |
answer
| Celluomonas reduces the cellulose to monosaccharides to be femented by organisms like Clostridium. |
question
| What role do organisms like Clostridium have? |
answer
| Clostridium and other fermenters, ferment the monosaccharides broken down by the Cellulomonas into organic acids like lactate and pyruvate. |
question
| What do sulfate reducing bacteria do? |
answer
| Anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria such as, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, utilize the lactate, produced by fermentation, and the sulfate in the column to carry out sulfate respiration. |
question
| What is sulfate respiration? |
answer
In this process, sulfate serves as a terminal electron acceptor, and its reduction(and ETC) produces ATP. The process reduces sulfate to H2S which forms a black precipitate. The sulfide diffuses upward and is made available to organisms which are sulfide oxidizers (Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, Thiobacillus) which produce sulfate which can be used by the sulfate reducers again. |
question
| Which organisms live in the black zone? |
answer
|
question
| Which organisms live in the Green zone? |
answer
| Chlorobium |
question
| What type of organism is Chlorobium? |
answer
|
question
| What are phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| What is Chromatium? |
answer
| phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria |
question
| What are examples of purple nonsulfur bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| What are the characteristics of purple nonsulfur bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| What are some examples of chemolithotrophic bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| What are the characteristics of chemolithotropic bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| what are sheathed bacteria? |
answer
|
question
| autotroph |
answer
| also called a producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). They are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water. They are able to make their own food and can fix carbon. |
question
| What do algae and cyanobacteria do? |
answer
| they grow in the water and on the surface of teh column producing oxygen which keeps hte upper portion of the column aerobic. |
