Please enter something
Home Page Science Earth Science Geology Composition Winogradsky Column - Flashcards

Winogradsky Column – Flashcards

James Hopper
7 July 2022
30 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers 30
question
Bacteria that fix carbon dioxide and derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic ions are defined as what?
answer
chemolithoautotrophic
question
Chlorobium is a member of which group of which group of bacteria?
answer
phototrophic green sulfur bacteria
question
Name two genera of bacteria that are photoheterotrophs.
answer

Rhodobacter

Rhodospirillum

question
What very strong acid is produced by Thiobacillus when it oxidizes reduced forms of sulfur?
answer
sulfuric acid
question
What organism carries out sulfate respiration producing sulfides that cause the bottom of a Winogradsky column to turn black?
answer
Desulfovibrio deslfuricans
Unlock the answer
question
The anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria differ from plants in that the bacteria do not split water to produce what compound?
answer
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria do not split water to produce O2, instead they split H2S to form organis sulfur.
Unlock the answer
question
What two photosynthetic pigments are synthesized by the purple nonsulfur bacteria?
answer
  • bacteriochlorophyll
  • carotenoids
Unlock the answer
question
What wavelengths of light are absorbed by bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids?
answer
  • bacteriachlorophyll: 800-1000 nm
  • carotenoids: 600-700 nm
Unlock the answer
question
What type of growth conditions are necessary for the culture of the green and purple sulfur bacteria?
answer
They grow only under strict anaerobic conditions.
Unlock the answer
question
The red to brown coloration of cultures of the purple nonsulfur bacteria is due to what pigments?
answer
Both bacterichlorophyll and carotenoids combine to produce colors of broun, purple-reds, red, and green; however the carotenoids are the red-orange pigment and combined with the green of bacteriachlorophyll will produce brown
Unlock the answer
question
What substances are used by sulfate-reducing bacteria for their carbon requirements?
answer
  • lactate
  • pyruvate
Unlock the answer
question
Give examples of habitats where sulfate reducing bacteria are found.
answer
  • anaerobic sewage digesters
  • water-logged soil
  • paper mill waste ponds
Unlock the answer
question
Which organisms can be found in the anaerobic zone.
answer
  • Cellulomonas
  • Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
  • Clostridium
  • Chlorobium
  • Chromatium
Unlock the answer
question
Which organisms grow in the black zone?
answer
  • Clostridium
  • Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Unlock the answer
question
For what is Cellulomonas responsible?
answer
Celluomonas reduces the cellulose to monosaccharides to be femented by organisms like Clostridium.
Unlock the answer
question
What role do organisms like Clostridium have?
answer
Clostridium and other fermenters, ferment the monosaccharides broken down by the Cellulomonas into organic acids like lactate and pyruvate.
Unlock the answer
question
What do sulfate reducing bacteria do?
answer
Anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria such as, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, utilize the lactate, produced by fermentation, and the sulfate in the column to carry out sulfate respiration.
Unlock the answer
question
What is sulfate respiration?
answer

In this process, sulfate serves as a terminal electron acceptor, and its reduction(and ETC) produces ATP. The process reduces sulfate to H2S which forms a black precipitate.

The sulfide diffuses upward and is made available to organisms which are sulfide oxidizers (Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, Thiobacillus) which produce sulfate which can be used by the sulfate reducers again.

Unlock the answer
question
Which organisms live in the black zone?
answer
  • Clostridium
  • Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Unlock the answer
question
Which organisms live in the Green zone?
answer
Chlorobium
Unlock the answer
question
What type of organism is Chlorobium?
answer
  • Phototrophic green sulfur bacteria
  • anoxygenic photosynthesis
  • reduces H2S to elemental sulfur but stores it outside of the cell
  • fixes CO2 in the Krebs cycle (not Calvin)
  • greenish zones in mud due to presence of bacteriochlorophyll
Unlock the answer
question
What are phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria?
answer
  • anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
  • H2S is source of reducing power and is reduced to elemental sulfur which is stored inside of the cells as sulfur granules
  • have photosynthetic pigments bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids
  • Chromatium
Unlock the answer
question
What is Chromatium?
answer
phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria
Unlock the answer
question
What are examples of purple nonsulfur bacteria?
answer
  • Rhodobacter
  • Rhodospirillum
Unlock the answer
question
What are the characteristics of purple nonsulfur bacteria?
answer
  • photoheterotrophic using organic compounds as a carbon source, and obtaining their energy from anoxygenic photosynthesis (normal)
  • can be photoautotrophic using CO2 as a carbon source and hydrogen gas or low concentrationof sulfide as reducing power
  • can grow heterotrophic on organic acids using respiration should light become very limited
  • are found in microaerophilic regions as brownish reddish cultures where the mud interfaces with the water
Unlock the answer
question
What are some examples of chemolithotrophic bacteria?
answer
  • Thiobacillus
  • Beggiatoa
Unlock the answer
question
What are the characteristics of chemolithotropic bacteria?
answer
  • grow in the aerobic zone of the column
  • obtain energy by oxidizing reduced forms of sulfur (H2S) to sulfate or sufuric acid.
  • use carbon dioxide for carbon requirements
  • Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, Thiobacillus
Unlock the answer
question
what are sheathed bacteria?
answer
  • filamentous bacteria with a fungal like growth cycle.
  • they eat a variety of organic compounds
  • they like nutrient rich environments (hay infusions)
  • form masses of fine filaments often encrusted with iron
  • sheathed bacteria take in chelates, oxidize the carbon compound, and release ferrous iron - which oxidizes on their surface (iron rich water)
  • Leptothrix Sphaerotilus
Unlock the answer
question
autotroph
answer
also called a producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). They are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water. They are able to make their own food and can fix carbon.
Unlock the answer
question
What do algae and cyanobacteria do?
answer
they grow in the water and on the surface of teh column producing oxygen which keeps hte upper portion of the column aerobic.
Unlock the answer
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New
Get unstuck with AI assistant right now
  • Enter your topic/question
  • Receive an explanation
Pro tips to get quality response
  • Ask one question at a time
  • Enter a specific assignment topic
  • Aim at least 500 characters
Question
What is the right structure for an essay
Answer
A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
  • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
  • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
  • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
  • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.