question

A fief was

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A grant of land exchanged for military service

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Muslim means

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One who makes submission

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Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were

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Formal divisions over differences in doctrine

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The Sasanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road. Some of the agricultural goods that it gained were

answer

Cotton, sugar, and rice

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The unified community that accepted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the "Messenger of God" was called the

answer

Umma

question

Muhammad's teachings built upon the beliefs of

answer

Judaism and Christianity

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One of the greatest promoters of Buddhism was

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King Ashoka of India

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Muhammad's revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called

answer

The Quran

question

Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included all of the following except

answer

An early form of dynamite

question

After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community

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Chose a caliph, Abu Bakr

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What was the predominant language of the church in the West?

answer

Latin

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Islam means

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Surrender to the will of God

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Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people if Spain

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Contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers

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Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the

answer

Blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions

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Mecca is an important city because it

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Is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba

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The Varna system developed in order to create

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Social order between groups

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Muhammad conceived Islam after

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Experiencing revelations

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The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into

answer

Shi'ites and Sunnis

question

The Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis was important in the late 11th century because it

answer

Became the basis for civil law in the West

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After the rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in the mid 8th century, it was overthrown in all areas except

answer

Spain

question

Among the Byzantines' cultural achievements is (are)

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The spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs

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What was the most significant architectural contribution of the Byzantine Empire?

answer

Hagia Sophia

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Which area did not endure Viking raids?

answer

Constantinople

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After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a

answer

Common religious faith

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The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over

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The jurisdiction of the western papacy

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Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina (Hijra)?

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Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity

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The 6th century "plague of Justinian" was

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An outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule

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After the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the western Roman Empire

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Fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms

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One of the most significant sources of conflict for Western Europe between 1000 and 1409 was

answer

A struggle for power between the church and state

question

Which of the following areas was not brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs?

answer

Eastern Europe

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Muslim religious practice is based on the

answer

Five Pillars

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The Arab community prior to the 7th century C. E.

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Was polytheistic

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The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?

answer

Buddhism

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The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day

answer

Iran

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In what area of France did Charles "The Hammer" Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain?

answer

Tours

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The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought

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Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade

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One of the most important effects of monasticism was

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The preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts

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The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to

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Growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power

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The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a or

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Law

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During the revival of Western Europe (1000-12000), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of

answer

Technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses

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The center of political action in the Roman Republic was

answer

The Senate

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Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were

answer

Serfs

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The ulama were

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Religious scholars

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Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?

answer

It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghadad

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How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?

answer

He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity

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Despite the fact that conversions of Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because

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The empire had become too big to rule effectively

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The term investiture controversy refers to the

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Struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments

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In Western Europe m, the primary centers for agricultural production were

answer

Self-sufficient farming estates known as manors

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In Kievan Russia, power derived from

answer

Trade

question

The Arabs' involvement I know Byzantine and Sasanid conflicts led to

answer

The penetration of Christian knowledge into the Arabian peninsula

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