WEX 3A – Microbiology – Flashcards
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| Describe the differences in symptoms between Pontiac fever and Legionnaire's disease. |
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| Pontiac fever is an influenza-like illness without pneumonia and Legionnaire's disease is a severe pneumonia |
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| Which species of Nocardia typically causes chronic pulmonary disease? |
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| Nocardia asteroides |
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| Which species of Rickettsiae causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever? |
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| Rickettsiae rickettsii |
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| Which organism causes urethritis? |
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| Ureaplasma (Mycoplasma) urealyticum |
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| Eating raw or poorly cooked meat from what kind of animal can transmit Francisella tularensis? |
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| Rabbit |
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| What is the common name of the disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus? |
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| Rate bite fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Legionella pneumophilia? |
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| Pontiac fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Ehrlichia spp.? |
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| HME/HGE/Sennetsu fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii? |
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| Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? |
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| Primary atypical pneumonia |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Nocardia asteroides? |
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| TB-like pulmonary disease or actinomycotic mycetoma |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia akari? |
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| Rickettsialpox |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Bartonella quintana? |
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| Trench fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Francisella tularensis? |
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| Rabbit fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum? |
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| Non-gonococcal/chlamydial urethritis |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii? |
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| Epidemic typhus Brill-Zinsser disease |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Coxiella burnetii? |
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| Q fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi? |
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| Scrub typhus |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Rickettsia typhi? |
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| Endemic typhus Murine typus |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Brucella spp.? |
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| Malta fever |
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| What disease/condition is caused by Streptobacillus/Spirillum? |
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| Rat bite fever |
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| What is the animal host for Rickettsiae akari? |
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| House mouse |
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| What is the animal host for Rickettsiae prowazekii? |
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| Flying squirrel |
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| What is the animal host for Brucella melitensis? |
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| Goat |
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| What is the animal host for Brucella abortus? |
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| Cattle |
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| What is the animal host for Brucella suis? |
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| Swine |
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| What is the animal host for Brucella canis? |
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| Canine |
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| What is the animal host for Brucella ovis? |
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| Sheep |
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| What is the animal host for Francisella tularensis? |
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| Rabbit |
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| What is the animal host for Streptobacillus moniliformis? |
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| Rat |
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| What is the animal host for Bartonella henselae? |
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| Cat |
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| What is the vector for Rickettsia prowazekii? |
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| Human Body Louse |
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| What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi? |
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| Fleas |
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| What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii? |
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| Ixodid ticks |
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| What is the vector for Rickettsia akari? |
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| Mites |
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| What is the vector for Orientia tsutsugamushi? |
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| Chiggers |
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| What is the vector for Coxiella burnetii? |
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| Ixodid ticks |
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| What is the vector for Bartonella quintana? |
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| Body Louse |
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| What is the vector for Ehrilichia chaffeensis? |
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| Lone star tick |
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| What is the vector for Human Granulocytic Ehrlichia? |
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| Deer tick |
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| What is the vector for Ehrlichia sennetsu? |
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| Presumed tick |
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| What are health care associated infections? |
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| Infections that occur within a hospital or hospital like setting |
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| Name two sources of the infecting agent. |
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| Exogenous Endogenous |
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| What types of patient care problems account for the majority of health care associated infections? |
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| Problems in patient care practices e.g. improper handwashing, surgical preparation, and laundering procedures |
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| How are infection control practices enforced? |
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| Through the Joint Commission on the Accrediation of Healthcare Organizations |
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| Define healthcare associated infection. |
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| Infections that occur within a hospital or hospital like setting |
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| Identify the three major "links" in the chain for healthcare associated infections. |
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| Agent - the infection itself Transmission - the mode of infection Host- the codition of host prior to infection |
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| What is an antigen? |
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| A specific "foreign" substance, which stimulates an immune response |
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| What is an antibody? |
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| Composed of glycoprotein produced in response to specific antigen stimulation |
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| What is an epitope? |
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| the specific part of the immunogen that specifies the antibody to be produced |
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| Where are the different types of MHC molecules found? |
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| On the surface of tissue and blood cells that identifies a specific individual |
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| What is an Antigen Presenting Cell? |
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| A cell that processes an antigen in a way that antigenic determinants are presented on the cell surface in concert with class II MHC molecules for interaction with appropriate T-cell receptors |
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| Define chemotaxis |
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| A chemical attraction of phagocytic cells to the site of antigenic stimulation |
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| Define complement |
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| A complex series of serum proteins, which interact in a cascade fashion to enhance certain antigen-antibody reactions |
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| What is the difference between constitutive and induced response? |
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| Constitutive response is A nonspecific response which is continuously expressed without any regulation. Induced response is a specific response to a "foreign" substance |
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| What cells are involved in the cell mediated immunity system? |
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| Antigen-Presenting-Cells T-lymphocytes Natural Killer cells |
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| Which cells are involved in the humoral immune system? |
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| Helper T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes |
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| Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta? |
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| IgG |
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| Which immunoglobulin is the largest molecule? |
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| IgM |
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| Which immunoglobulins activate complement? |
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| IgG |
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| Which immunoglobulin is produced in the greatest concentration? |
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| IgG |
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| Which immunoglobulin is the major immunoglobulin of allergic reactions? |
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| IgE |
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| Which immunoglobulin is produced first in sequence from plasma cells? |
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| IgM |
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| Which immunoglobulin provides major protection during primary response...secondary response? |
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| IgM...IgG |
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| List three types of disorders of the immune system |
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| Immunodeficiency diseases Autoimmune disorders Hypersensitivity |
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| List examples of Type I IgE mediated hypersensitivity |
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| Systemic anaphylaxis Hay fever Asthma Hives Food allergies Exzema |
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| List examples of Type III immune complex mediated hypersensitivity |
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| Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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| What are the three types of infection caused by fungi? |
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| Superficial/Cutaneous Subcutaneous Systemic |
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| What is another term for yeasts? |
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| Blastoconidia |
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| When reading a 10% KOH prep, what do you look for? |
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| Fungal elements |
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| If processing is delayed on a sputum specimen, what, if anything, should be done until processing occurs? |
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| Refrigerate |
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| What polymer is a major component of the fungal cell wall? |
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| N-acetyl glucosamine |
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| True/False Fungi contain chlorophyll |
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| FALSE |
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| Describe the basic characteristics of yeast. |
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| Oval or spherical, single cells that rarely form filaments |
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| What environmental condition allows a dimorph to grow as either a yeast or mold? |
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| Temperature |
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| What are the phyla of the Kingdom Fungi? |
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| Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Phylum Fungi Imperfecti |
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| What is a conidium? |
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| An asexual reproductive unit |
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| What are 4 routine media for fungi? |
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| Sabourand Dextrose Agar (SDA) Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with antibiotics (Mycosel) Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA) Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA) |
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| What are the typical temperature requirements for culturing fungi and how rapidly do they grow? |
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| Room Temperature Rapid growers - Less than one week Slow growers - 1-6 weeks |
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| Which cell type of fungi? |
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| Eucaryotic |
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| What are two special media used for fungal growth and the purpose of each. |
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| Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) - enhances sporulation and pigment production Corn Meal Agar - starvation media used for microscopic observation of chlamydospore production in yeasts |
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| What is another term for yeast cells? |
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| Blastoconidia |
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| What are five reagents and stains used for fungal identification? |
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| 1) KOH with Glycerol 2) Calcofluor modification of the KOH mount 3) Lactophenol Cotton Blue 4) India ink 5) Methenamine silver nitrate stain |
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| What are 8 specimen sources for fungal infections? |
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| 1) Abscess 2) Blood Culture 3) Sputum 4) CSF 5) Urine 6) Biopsy 7) Skin and nails 8) Hair |
