Western Civilization A Practice – Flashcards

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The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches that
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human life is difficult and immortality is only for the gods
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Originally the Osiris cult was reserved for
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the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body
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Which of the following Egyptian gods was most closely associated with the mummification of the dead?
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Osiris
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The Sumerian government
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came to view kings as agents of their gods
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For administrative purposes in the Old Kingdom, Egypt was
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divided into provinces called nomes and governed by nomarchs
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The most famous of the megalithic constructions of Europe is
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Stonehenge
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The Persian king who undertook an invasion of the Greek mainland in the early fifth century was
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Darius
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Which of the following statements is incorrect?
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The Persians were Semitic speakers
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The words of the Hebrew prophets
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all of the above
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Assyrian society was well known for its
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assimilation of other cultures and development of a polyglot society
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Which of the following statements concerning Zoroastrianism is false?
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It did not include a final judgment or a last judgment among its beliefs
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Assyrian kings organized their empire more effectively by
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were middlemen in the international trade of the era
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The polis was the Greek name for
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city-state
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In general, separate early Greek communities
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became fierce rivals fighting so often as to threaten Greek civilization itself
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During the Age of Pericles
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Athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system
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The Sophists
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were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies
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The Lycurgan reforms resulted in
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the establishment of a permanent military state in Sparta
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The Republic depicted
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Plato's idea of the ideal government and society
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An especially important cultural center with the largest library in ancient times was
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Alexandria
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Alexander invaded the Persian Empire
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with an army of 37,000 including 5,000 cavalry
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All of the following were conquered by Alexander except
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Arabia
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Improvements in trade and commerce in the Hellenistic world were greatly aided by all of the following except
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revolutionary innovations in agriculture
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All of the following were results of the battle of Chaeronea except for
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the complete destruction of Athens for its leadership in the struggle against Macedonia
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The scientific foundations of medicine made by Alexandrian physicians
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were made possible through the use of dissection and vivisection
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Julius Caesar
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led military commands in Spain and especially Gaul that enhanced his popularity
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Rome set a precedent for treating its vanquished foes after forming the Roman Confederation by
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offering the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion
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Which of the following statements best applies to Roman schooling:
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Education stressed training in Greek and mastery of rhetoric, or persuasive public speaking
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The Romans' most noticeable innovations in art and culture were found in
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architecture and engineering
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Originally the Roman Senate
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could only advise the magistrates in legal matters
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The immediate cause of the First Punic War was
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Rome sending an army to Sicily
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The late third century emperor who reconquered and reestablished order in the east and along the Danube and who was known as the "restorer of the world" was
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Aurelian
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The "golden age" historian Livy is well known for his
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perceiving history in terms of sharp moral lessons
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The Augustan reorganization of the military involved all of the following except:
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allowed Germans to serve as officers in the legions
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The poems of Virgil, the most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age,
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praised ideal Roman virtues of duty, piety, and faithfulness
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All of the following occurred during the reigns of the five "good emperors" except for
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the halting of imperial bureaucratic growth
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The event that curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies was
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the defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest
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Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur'an, and regulating all aspects of Muslim life. This law code is called
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Shari'a
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After being allowed to enter the eastern empire after being displaced by the nomadic ____, the German Visigoths defeated the armies of the empire in 378 at the Battle of ____
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Huns/Adrianople
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The successors to Muhammad's leadership of the Muslims were known as
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caliphs
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The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defended the civilization of the new western European kingdoms in 732 by
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defeating Muslim armies in 732 and driving them back to Spain
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During the period of the Roman Empire, the Arabian Peninsula was dominated by the
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Bedouins
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Irish monasticism from the sixth through eighth centuries tended to be highly
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ascetic
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The lord-vassal relationship in the Germanic practice of medieval Europe
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was an honorable relationship between free men
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One of the most famous Vikings, who discovered Greenland, was
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Erik the Red
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The economic structure of the Early Middle Ages
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was underdeveloped and predominantly agricultural
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The Abbasids
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broke down the distinctions between Arab and non-Arab Muslims
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The ruthless Russian leader responsible for tying Russian political and religious ideals to the Byzantine Empire was
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Vladimir
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The expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne
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was most successful against the German tribes to the east
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Due to its many cathedral schools, the intellectual center of Europe by the twelfth century was
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France
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The primary preoccupation of scholasticism was
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the reconciliation of faith with reason
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Marriages among the aristocracy of the High Middle Ages were
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were expected to establish political alliances between families and increase their wealth
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The most popular form of vernacular literature in the twelfth century was
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troubadour poetry
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A major motive contributing to the revolutionary political behavior of European townspeople was
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their great need for unfettered mobility to conduct trade efficiently
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The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas
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raised questions concerning theology and solved them by the dialectical method
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The church's practice of indulgences in the High Middle Ages was ultimately connected with the
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remission of the time spent in purgatory
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Saint Dominic, founder of the new Dominican order of preachers
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was an intellectual who created a new order of learned prelates to fight heresy within the church
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Between the eighth and tenth centuries, serious challenges to the power of the papacy included all of the following except
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recurrent outbreaks of bubonic plague in Rome
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Parliament in England originally arose from the
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king's need to collect new taxes
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The persecutions against European Jews in the High Middle Ages were
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a and c
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The Christian reconquest of Spain in the thirteenth century
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left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula
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The Black Death
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recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries
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All of the following were reactions to the great plague except
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a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God
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The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death
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reached their worst excesses in German cities
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The chief accomplishment of the Council of Constance (1414-1418) was to
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end the Great Schism by forcing the resignation or deposing all existing popes and paving the way for election of only one new pope
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The Great Schism is known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by
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the creation and feuding of multiple popes
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The papacy at Avignon
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witnessed the creation of a specialized church bureaucracy
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Western Europe in the Renaissance saw
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a decline in serfdom
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All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except
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Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire
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The Medici controlled the finances of the Italian city-state of
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Florence
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According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented
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a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world
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Castiglione's The Courtier was a
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very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats
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The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was
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Mehmet II
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The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in
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inflation
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The early fifteenth century religious reformer who was burnt at the stake was
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John Hus
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The Reformation changed conceptions of the family by
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extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy
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To Martin Luther, the question of "How can I be saved" was answered through
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the doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone
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Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was
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Francis I of France
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Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in
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Scandinavia
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One of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe was
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inflation
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The Pole Star as a navigational device was useless
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south of the equator
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Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by
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the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés
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The inflation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries
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caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes
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The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal was
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the Dutch Republic
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