question

The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches that

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human life is difficult and immortality is only for the gods

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Originally the Osiris cult was reserved for

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the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body

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Which of the following Egyptian gods was most closely associated with the mummification of the dead?

answer

Osiris

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The Sumerian government

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came to view kings as agents of their gods

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For administrative purposes in the Old Kingdom, Egypt was

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divided into provinces called nomes and governed by nomarchs

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The most famous of the megalithic constructions of Europe is

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Stonehenge

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The Persian king who undertook an invasion of the Greek mainland in the early fifth century was

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Darius

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Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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The Persians were Semitic speakers

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The words of the Hebrew prophets

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all of the above

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Assyrian society was well known for its

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assimilation of other cultures and development of a polyglot society

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Which of the following statements concerning Zoroastrianism is false?

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It did not include a final judgment or a last judgment among its beliefs

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Assyrian kings organized their empire more effectively by

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were middlemen in the international trade of the era

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The polis was the Greek name for

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city-state

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In general, separate early Greek communities

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became fierce rivals fighting so often as to threaten Greek civilization itself

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During the Age of Pericles

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Athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system

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The Sophists

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were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies

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The Lycurgan reforms resulted in

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the establishment of a permanent military state in Sparta

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The Republic depicted

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Plato's idea of the ideal government and society

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An especially important cultural center with the largest library in ancient times was

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Alexandria

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Alexander invaded the Persian Empire

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with an army of 37,000 including 5,000 cavalry

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All of the following were conquered by Alexander except

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Arabia

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Improvements in trade and commerce in the Hellenistic world were greatly aided by all of the following except

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revolutionary innovations in agriculture

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All of the following were results of the battle of Chaeronea except for

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the complete destruction of Athens for its leadership in the struggle against Macedonia

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The scientific foundations of medicine made by Alexandrian physicians

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were made possible through the use of dissection and vivisection

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Julius Caesar

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led military commands in Spain and especially Gaul that enhanced his popularity

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Rome set a precedent for treating its vanquished foes after forming the Roman Confederation by

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offering the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion

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Which of the following statements best applies to Roman schooling:

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Education stressed training in Greek and mastery of rhetoric, or persuasive public speaking

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The Romans' most noticeable innovations in art and culture were found in

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architecture and engineering

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Originally the Roman Senate

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could only advise the magistrates in legal matters

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The immediate cause of the First Punic War was

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Rome sending an army to Sicily

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The late third century emperor who reconquered and reestablished order in the east and along the Danube and who was known as the "restorer of the world" was

answer

Aurelian

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The "golden age" historian Livy is well known for his

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perceiving history in terms of sharp moral lessons

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The Augustan reorganization of the military involved all of the following except:

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allowed Germans to serve as officers in the legions

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The poems of Virgil, the most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age,

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praised ideal Roman virtues of duty, piety, and faithfulness

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All of the following occurred during the reigns of the five "good emperors" except for

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the halting of imperial bureaucratic growth

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The event that curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies was

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the defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest

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Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur'an, and regulating all aspects of Muslim life. This law code is called

answer

Shari'a

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After being allowed to enter the eastern empire after being displaced by the nomadic ____, the German Visigoths defeated the armies of the empire in 378 at the Battle of ____

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Huns/Adrianople

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The successors to Muhammad's leadership of the Muslims were known as

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caliphs

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The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defended the civilization of the new western European kingdoms in 732 by

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defeating Muslim armies in 732 and driving them back to Spain

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During the period of the Roman Empire, the Arabian Peninsula was dominated by the

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Bedouins

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Irish monasticism from the sixth through eighth centuries tended to be highly

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ascetic

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The lord-vassal relationship in the Germanic practice of medieval Europe

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was an honorable relationship between free men

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One of the most famous Vikings, who discovered Greenland, was

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Erik the Red

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The economic structure of the Early Middle Ages

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was underdeveloped and predominantly agricultural

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The Abbasids

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broke down the distinctions between Arab and non-Arab Muslims

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The ruthless Russian leader responsible for tying Russian political and religious ideals to the Byzantine Empire was

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Vladimir

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The expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne

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was most successful against the German tribes to the east

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Due to its many cathedral schools, the intellectual center of Europe by the twelfth century was

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France

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The primary preoccupation of scholasticism was

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the reconciliation of faith with reason

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Marriages among the aristocracy of the High Middle Ages were

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were expected to establish political alliances between families and increase their wealth

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The most popular form of vernacular literature in the twelfth century was

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troubadour poetry

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A major motive contributing to the revolutionary political behavior of European townspeople was

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their great need for unfettered mobility to conduct trade efficiently

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The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas

answer

raised questions concerning theology and solved them by the dialectical method

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The church's practice of indulgences in the High Middle Ages was ultimately connected with the

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remission of the time spent in purgatory

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Saint Dominic, founder of the new Dominican order of preachers

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was an intellectual who created a new order of learned prelates to fight heresy within the church

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Between the eighth and tenth centuries, serious challenges to the power of the papacy included all of the following except

answer

recurrent outbreaks of bubonic plague in Rome

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Parliament in England originally arose from the

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king's need to collect new taxes

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The persecutions against European Jews in the High Middle Ages were

answer

a and c

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The Christian reconquest of Spain in the thirteenth century

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left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula

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The Black Death

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recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries

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All of the following were reactions to the great plague except

answer

a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God

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The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death

answer

reached their worst excesses in German cities

question

The chief accomplishment of the Council of Constance (1414-1418) was to

answer

end the Great Schism by forcing the resignation or deposing all existing popes and paving the way for election of only one new pope

question

The Great Schism is known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by

answer

the creation and feuding of multiple popes

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The papacy at Avignon

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witnessed the creation of a specialized church bureaucracy

question

Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

answer

a decline in serfdom

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All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

answer

Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire

question

The Medici controlled the finances of the Italian city-state of

answer

Florence

question

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

answer

a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world

question

Castiglione's The Courtier was a

answer

very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats

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The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was

answer

Mehmet II

question

The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in

answer

inflation

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The early fifteenth century religious reformer who was burnt at the stake was

answer

John Hus

question

The Reformation changed conceptions of the family by

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extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy

question

To Martin Luther, the question of "How can I be saved" was answered through

answer

the doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone

question

Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was

answer

Francis I of France

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Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in

answer

Scandinavia

question

One of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe was

answer

inflation

question

The Pole Star as a navigational device was useless

answer

south of the equator

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Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by

answer

the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés

question

The inflation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

answer

caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes

question

The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal was

answer

the Dutch Republic

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