question

Hominids split off form the great apes around six million years ago in

answer

Africa

question

Mesopotamian religion was

answer

one in which no one god reigned supreme and deities were closely related to cities.

question

"The Epic of Gilgamesh" teaches that

answer

human life is difficult and immortality is only for the gods.

question

The ruler of Akkad, who established the first empire in Sumer ca. 2340 B.C. was

answer

Sargon

question

Unlike the rivers in Mesopotamia, the Nile River

answer

never rises or falls, but flows steadily year-round.

question

The focal points and sources of life for the ancient Egyptians were the

answer

Nile River and the pharaohs.

question

In comparison to Mesopotamian society, Egyptian society was

answer

more rural.

question

Ancient Egyptian history is divided into _____ major periods.

answer

three

question

The term Ma'at expresses the Egyptian belief in

answer

truth, justice, and order in the universe.

question

For administration purposes in the Old Kingdom, Egypt was

answer

divided into provinces called nomes and governed by nomarchs.

question

The Hyksos

answer

were a Semitic-speaking people who infiltrated Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.

question

The economy of ancient Egypt relied most heavily on

answer

agriculture

question

Which of the following Egyptian gods was most closely associated with the mummification of the dead?

answer

Osiris

question

Originally the Osiris cult was reserved for

answer

the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body.

question

The Egyptian Pyramids were

answer

conceived and built as tombs for a city of the dead.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of Egyptian social life?

answer

Marriages were based on love and personal affection.

question

In general, during the imperialistic New Kingdom, Egyptian government changed by

answer

a gradual lessening in the power of the pharaohs over their neighbors.

question

Growing appreciation of astronomy among European peoples after 4000 B.C. is best seen in

answer

megalithic observatories.

question

The original Indo-Europeans possibly came from

answer

the steppe region north of the Black Sea.

question

One of the oldest known agricultural villages, located in Palestine, was

answer

Jericho.

question

The tradition of the Hebrews states that they were descendants of the patriarch _____ who had migrated from the Mesopotamia land to Palestine.

answer

Abraham

question

The Hebrew prophets

answer

were considered by the Hebrews to be the voice of Yahweh.

question

Which of the following was NOT part of the Hebrew religious tradition?

answer

the revelation

question

The Phoenicians' contributions to the ancient Near East included all BUT

answer

their defeat and destruction of the Hebrew's twelve tribes.

question

Scholars agree that between _____ and _____ B.C., the Israelites emerged as a distinct group of peoples who established a united kingdom known as Israel.

answer

1200 and 1000

question

Assyrian kings organized their empire more effectively by

answer

reducing the numbers of royal officials.

question

The principal economic basis of Assyrian society was

answer

agriculture based on farming villages.

question

The Ishtar Gate sat outside the city of

answer

Babylon.

question

The Persian Empire reached its largest territorial boundaries under

answer

Darius.

question

The Persian King Cyrus the Great was succeeded by his son

answer

Cambyses II

question

The weakening of the Persian Empire was largely attributed to

answer

the kings' hoarding of wealth and over taxation of their subjects.

question

Which of the following statements about the Persian army is true?

answer

By the time of Darius, the army had become professionalized.

question

Which of the following statements concerning Zoroastrianism is false?

answer

it did not include a final judgment or a last judgment among its beliefs.

question

Zoroastrianism was

answer

monotheist

question

The founder of the Kingdom of Israel (1000-970 B.C.) was the military hero

answer

David

question

The decline of the Hittites and Egyptians around 1200 B.C.

answer

created a power vacuum which allowed several small states to emerge and temporarily flourish.

question

The most tolerant and efficient of the Near Eastern empires was the

answer

Persian.

question

The destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. and Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews occurred at the hands of the

answer

Chaldeans.

question

All of the following are true of the Hebrew conception of God EXCEPT

answer

there was no room for personal relationships with him, as his word was law.

question

The Hebrew religion

answer

was an ethical religion centered around the law of God.

question

The Sumerian government

answer

came to view kings as agents of their gods.

question

Sumerian kings derived their authority from

answer

the gods.

question

Gilgamesh was

answer

the hero of a Sumerian epic poem.

question

According to Egyptian theology, the pharaoh derived his authority from

answer

the fact that he was perceived as a divine instrument of order and harmony.

question

The term "civilization" refers to human societies which, amongst other features,

answer

have an urban focus an a distinct religious structure.

question

All of the following were Assyrian kings EXCEPT for

answer

Ashur

question

Assyrian art was primarily concerned with

answer

glorifying the king, hunting, and war

question

Moses united the Israelites after the Egyptian bondage by putting them under the protection of a new national god named

answer

Yahweh

question

In classical Athens, male homosexuality

answer

was practiced and tolerated in part as a means by which mature men instructed young males about the masculine world of politics and patronage.

question

Which of the following is true of Greece from the eighth century B.C.?

answer

The "polis" evolved into the central institution in Greek life.

question

The Greek "polis" put primary emphasis on

answer

cooperation between its citizens for the common welfare.

question

Which Greek philosopher said, with regard to the polis, "We must rather regard every citizen as belonging to the state?"

answer

Aristotle

question

The Spartans made the army the center of their society because

answer

they feared an uprising by their helots.

question

In general, separate early Greek communities

answer

became fierce rivals fighting so often as to threaten Greek civilization itself.

question

Spartan helots

answer

a and b; a. farmed the land as sharecroppers; b. had war declared on them every year.

question

Typical of Greek culture in the archaic age was

answer

lyric poetry as found in the works of Sappho.

question

Hesiod's famous poem about the pleasures of ordinary work is titled

answer

"Works and Days"

question

The narrow pass when 9000 Greek hoplites held a Persian army of over 150,000 men for three days was

answer

Thermopylae

question

The Delian League was organized in 478-477 B.C. to

answer

keep Sparta isolated in the Peloponnesus.

question

During the Age of Pericles

answer

Athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system.

question

The Peloponnesian War resulted in

answer

the defeat of Athens and the collapse of its empire.

question

The Greek Parthenon

answer

is considered the greatest example of classical Greek temple architecture.

question

The Sophists

answer

were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies.

question

Socrates was condemned to death for

answer

corrupting the youth of Athens

question

"The unexamined life is not worth living" is a cornerstone of the philosophy of

answer

Socrates

question

Plato, in "The Republic", imagines a perfect society ruled by

answer

philosopher-kings

question

What were the characteristics of the Greek Dark Age?

answer

It was a period of migrations and declining food production.

question

Homer's "Iliad" points out the

answer

honor and courage Greek aristocratic heroes in battle.

question

Mycenaen kings used the title

answer

wanax.

question

The "polis" was the Greek name for

answer

city-state

question

The development of the polis had a negative impact on Greek society by

answer

dividing Greece into fiercely competitive states.

question

Tyranny in the Greek polis arose as

answer

a reaction to aristocratic power and a widening gulf between the rich and the poor.

question

The Lycurgan reforms resulted in

answer

the establishment of a permanent military state in Sparta.

question

Cleisthenes' constitution established the Athenian government as

answer

a democracy.

question

The "strategoi" in Athens

answer

was a board of ten generals

question

The immediate cause of the Persian Wars was

answer

a revolt of the Ionian Greek colonies in Asia Minor.

question

The English archaeologist ______ uncovered the Bronze Age Minoan civilization on Crete.

answer

Sir Arthur Evans

question

Greek comedy was

answer

used to express political views as evidenced by Aristophanes

question

The civilization of Minoan Crete

answer

a and c; a. enjoyed great prosperity due to extensive sea trade and commerce; c. developed elaborate skills in art and architecture, visible in their great palaces.

question

A popular Minoan sport was

answer

bull jumping.

question

The basic unit of early Mesopotamian civilization was the

answer

city-state

question

In the thirteenth century the Egyptians were driven out of Palestine and back to their original frontiers by the

answer

"Sea Peoples"

question

Akhenaten is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to reform Egypt's

answer

religion

question

One of the few female pharaohs was

answer

Hatshepsut

question

The Hittites were

answer

A AND D a. an Indo-European speaking peoples d. made iron weapons of war.

question

In ancient civilizations, bronze would replace copper because

answer

bronze was harder and more durable.

question

The Hittites played an important role in the history of the Middle East because they

answer

transmitted Mesopotamian culture to the west, especially to the Mycenaean Greeks

question

The ancient city of Catal Huyuk was

answer

a Neolithic walled community sustained by food surpluses.

question

In agrarian societies, an economic surplus is food which is

answer

used to support a non-laboring elite.

question

Many scholars today

answer

doubt that the early books of the Hebrew Bible reflects the true history of the Israelites

question

The greatest international sea traders of the ancient Near East were the

answer

Phoenicians.

question

The relationship between the Assyrian king and his officials was based on

answer

loyalty

question

Nebuchadnezzar II accomplished all of the following except

answer

the revision of the Persian law code

question

The Persian Empire's system of satrapies allowed for

answer

a sensible system of collecting tribute based on an area's productive capacity.

question

The central, sacred text of Zoroastrianism is the

answer

Zend Avesta

question

The sun god, who became a helper of Ahuramazda and later, in Roman times, the source of another religion, was

answer

Mithra

question

Which one of the following is not considered part of the Judeo-Christian heritage in West Civilization?

answer

revenge

question

Solomon's most revered contribution to the Hebrew society was to

answer

construct the Temple, the symbolic center of the Hebrew religion and society.

question

The Hebrew religion

answer

was an ethical religion centered around the law of God

question

Mesopotamia is located in the valley of the

answer

Tigris and Euphrates rivers

question

The written script of Sumer is known as

answer

cuneiform

question

Punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi

answer

were more severe for the lower classes.

question

Amenhotep IV is best known for

answer

the temporary installation of the god of the sun disk in Egyptian culture

question

The most famous of the megalithic constructions of Europe is

answer

Stonehenge.

question

The early Neolithic era saw

answer

a slow transition from hunting and gathering to an agricultural society.

question

All of the following are correct about Byblos except:

answer

It was an Egyptian commercial center.

question

The Assyrians are important in history for their innovations in

answer

empire building

question

The Assyrians' use of terror tactics and atrocities

answer

especially targeted inhabitants of the empire who rebelled against Assyrian rule

question

Assyrian society was well known for its

answer

assimilation of other cultures and development of a polyglot society.

question

The founder of the Persian Empire, who defeated Babylon and freed the Jews from captivity in 539 B.C., was

answer

Cyrus the Great.

question

The elite infantry of the Persian army were known as the?

answer

Immortals

question

After the death of Solomon, tensions between the northern and southern tribes led to the establishment of two kingdoms, the kingdom of ____ and the kingdom of ____.

answer

Israel and Judah

question

Which of the following is true of Greece from the eighth century B.C.?

answer

The polis evolved into the central institution in Greek life.

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