western civ chapter 17 – Flashcards
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What lasting impact did the slave trade and the plantation system have on Europe?
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C. They permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people.
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Children of Spanish men and Indian women were called
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A. mestizos.
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After some two hundred years of tolerating and even supporting piracy, why did the English and Dutch governments suddenly try to stamp it out around 1700?
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D. Dutch, and French bands of sailors began to form associations of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, that preyed indiscriminately on shipping lines of every national origin.
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Why was European contact with China so limited in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
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B. The Chinese distrusted the European merchants and allowed them to trade only in the city of Canton.
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The population explosion that took place in Europe around the turn of the eighteenth century can be attributed to
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C. a decline in the death rate thanks to better weather, improved agricultural techniques, and the disappearance of the plague.
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Which of the following was a consequence of the early-eighteenth-century consumer revolution in Europe?
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B. The demand for consumer goods such as housewares rose dramatically as ordinary people gained more disposable income, leading to job creation.
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What factors contributed to Britain's agricultural revolution in the 1700s?
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A. The selective breeding of animals, the planting of fodder crops, and an increase in the amount of land under cultivation.
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What controversial agricultural practice in England that eliminated community grazing rights normally required an act of Parliament?
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C. Enclosure
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What sorts of professions made up the developing urban middle classes of the eighteenth century?
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B. Government officials, merchants, professionals, and small landowners
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Why did clothing develop special importance in eighteenth-century cities?
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C. Clothing became a reliable indicator of people's social status and occupation, further distinguishing the social classes.
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In which regions was widespread literacy among the lower classes first achieved?
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D. The urban middle classes
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Who were the main consumers of the new upsurge in books, pamphlets, and periodicals in the eighteenth century?
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A. The urban middle classes
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Which of the following is true of the seventeenth-century Protestant revival known as Pietism, which became popular in the German Lutheran states, the Dutch Republic, and Scandinavia?
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C. It encouraged a deeply emotional, even ecstatic religious experience as well as participation in daily catechism instruction and frequent prayer meetings.
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The peace treaties that ended the War of the Spanish Succession set forth what condition for Philip, grandson of Louis XIV, to be confirmed as king of Spain?
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D. Philip had to renounce any future claim to the French throne.
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What steps did the duke of Orléans (1674-1723), regent to Louis XV, take to shore up France's crumbling finances?
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C. He founded a state bank to help the government service its debt, only to see the bank crash within a few months in the wake of a speculative bubble
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Following the deaths of William and Mary and their successor, Anne (Mary's sister), the English turned to which dynastic house for their next ruler, King George I (r. 1714-1727)?
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B. The German house of Hanover
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In the Act of Union of 1707, Scottish Protestant leaders abolished the Scottish Parliament and agreed to obey the Parliament of Great Britain
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A. because they feared the threat of Jacobitism in Scotland.
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What steps did England take to reduce Catholic Ireland to the status of a British colony in the wake of the Jacobite uprising of 1689?
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D. England confiscated Catholic lands and imposed laws limiting the rights of Catholics, including their right to bear arms, educate their children, and participate in politics.
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Although in Britain's constitutional system the monarch ruled with Parliament, power was still contained within a very small elite in the eighteenth century. What was the reason for this?
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B. Only a few hundred thousand propertied men could vote, and most members of Parliament came from the landed gentry.
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How did the Dutch respond to their decline in international affairs and manufacturing during the eighteenth century?
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C. Only a few hundred thousand propertied men could vote, and most members of Parliament came from the landed gentry.
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. How did the Russian tsar Peter the Great's imposition of the Table of Ranks in 1722 affect Russian society?
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A. It divided the Russian nobility into compulsory military, administrative, and judicial service categories.
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What was one of the most significant steps in Peter the Great's project to Westernize Russia?
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D. Founding new technical and scientific schools for elites that were run by Western officials
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In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, doctors viewed insanity not as an emotional ailment but as a physical one caused by
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A. an imbalance of bodily humors.
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What did critics of the Enlightenment find so dangerous about the new intellectual movement?
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D. Its proponents discouraged formal education by placing enormous value on the self-taught individual.
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How did the French government respond to Voltaire's Letters Concerning the English Nation, published in the early 1730s?
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C. The state called for his execution
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Why was the Enlightenment a key historical moment in the discussion of the "woman question" in European society?
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B. Feminist ideas were presented systematically for the first time, representing a fundamental challenge to traditional ways of society.
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