Western Civ ch 20 – Flashcards
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Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in Latin America?
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Authoritarian populist governments took power across the region.
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Which of the following steps did the Nazis take against Jews in the 1930s?
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Jews were deprived of their citizenship under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935.
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Which aggressive action by Nazi Germany ultimately sparked World War II in Europe?
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Germany's attack on Poland in 1939 → This action led to declarations of war by both France and Britain.
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What was the Marshall Plan implemented by the United States after World War II?
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It was a plan to rebuild and reshape the shattered European economies in Western Europe. → The United States funneled some $12 billion together with numerous advisers and technicians in the Marshall Plan as they sought to rebuild and reshape European economies.
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Which of the following factors helped lead to the outbreak of World War I?
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Intense nationalism in Europe → The early twentieth century saw unprecedented levels of national enthusiasm in Europe, accompanied by great longing for military glory.
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Who was the prominent British economist in the first half of the twentieth century who argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate the recessions and depressions to which capitalist economies were prone?
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John Maynard Keynes → Keynes's arguments represented a departure from standard economic thinking.
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In the 1930s which group in particular came to exercise a more dominant role in Japanese political life?
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The military → Generals and admirals exercised greater political authority in the 1930s than before, frequently serving in high government positions.
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Which of the following statements best reflects Japan's access to strategic raw materials in the early 1940s?
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Many in Japan saw its very survival as linked to its ability to obtain secure access to natural resources by force.
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Which of the following best summarizes the impact of the Marshall Plan implemented by the United States after World War II?
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It was successful beyond anyone's expectations.
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Which of the following factors helped lead to the outbreak of World War I?
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The development of war plans that spelled out in great detail the movement of men and materials at the outbreak of war → These war plans created a hair-trigger mentality, since each country had an incentive to strike first so that its particular strategy could be implemented on schedule and without interruption or surprise.
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What is import substitution industrialization as promoted by governments in Latin America during the Great Depression?
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It was a policy designed to achieve greater economic independence by manufacturing goods for the domestic market that used to be imported.
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Which of the following statements best describes fascism?
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Fascism was a political ideology that advocated intense nationalism and a sense of national destiny.
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How did the Nazis justify the mass killings associated with the Holocaust?
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The Nazi regime feared that the purity of the German race was threatened. → The Nazis murdered millions whom they deemed inferior, undesirable, or dangerous, including Jews; Russians, Poles and other Slavs; the Roma; mentally or physically handicapped people; homosexuals; communists; and Jehovah's Witnesses in order to maintain what they perceived as Germany's racial purity.
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What was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established in 1951?
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It sought to jointly manage the production of these critical items. → The ECSC sought to jointly manage the production of these products, both to improve efficiency and to make a new arms race more difficult.
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What role did nationalism play in the outbreak of World War I?
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Millions of ordinary Europeans actively supported the decision to go to war in defense of their nations. → Schools, mass media, and military service convinced millions of ordinary Europeans that their national identities were profoundly and personally meaningful.
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Which of the following was a goal of "democratic socialism" in Britain, France, and Scandinavia during the Depression?
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They sought a more equal distribution of wealth. → They sought a more equal distribution of wealth through peaceful means and electoral politics along with greater government regulation of the markets.
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Which of the following statements best describes Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy?
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Mussolini came to power in an election, but voters were intimidated by the considerable violence of his followers. → Mussolini's Black Shirts waged a campaign of political intimidation and threats that led many people to vote for him out of fear.
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In what way were the origins of World War II in Asia and Europe similar to each other?
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Both Japan and Germany were dissatisfied with their positions in the international power structure. → Both were dissatisfied with their positions in the international power structure and sought to strengthen their positions by expanding their territories using force, which caused tensions with other powers.
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Since its foundation in 1957, which of the following has the European Economic Community (EEC) (after 1994 known as the European Union) accomplished?
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It succeeded in creating common trade policies and a common currency used by many of its member nations. → It has succeeded in reducing trade tariffs levied on members, creating common trade policies, and launching a common currency known as the euro, which is used by a majority of the member nations.
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Which of the following was a legacy of World War I?
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The United States became a global power.
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Which of the following is true of President Roosevelt's New Deal program?
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It sought to create a social safety net for the poor. → It created the Social Security system, the minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs designed to sustain the unemployed, poor, and elderly.
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Which of the following was true of Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s?
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All three governments were highly authoritarian and intensely nationalistic. → All three were highly authoritarian, intensely nationalistic, and territorially aggressive.
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What was an important difference between World War I and World War II?
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During World War I the western front in France became bogged down in trench warfare that emphasized defense, whereas during World War II offense proved decisive on this front as Germany subdued France in a quick campaign. → The German tactic of blitzkrieg proved effective in overwhelming allied forces in France.
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What was an outcome of the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949?
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The United States committed itself to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union. → The United States committed its armed forces and nuclear arms to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union.
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Which of the following reflected the balance of power in Europe between 1815 and 1870?
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A fragile and fluctuating balance of power had generally maintained peace among Europe's major powers.
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Which of the following is true of President Roosevelt's New Deal program?
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It created a number of government agencies that regulated and supervised the economy to an unprecedented degree. → The mounting number of government agencies marked a new degree of federal regulation and supervision of the economy.
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Suspecting that they were aiding their enemies, Ottoman authorities during World War I massacred or deported an estimated 1 million
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Armenians.
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Which of the following was a factor that contributed to the Great Depression?
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American farms and factories were producing more goods than could be sold. → American farms and factories were overproducing because a highly unequal distribution of wealth meant that many Americans could not afford to buy the products that American factories were churning out.
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Which of these statements is true of fascism in Germany but not Italy?
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Its members claimed racial superiority and made a policy of persecuting minorities. → German racists were very fond of declaring themselves the "master race" and launched racist policies that led to the death of 6 million Jews; in Italy, though, minorities were much more deeply integrated into society and racism was not a central issue.
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Which of the following was an important impact of World War I on Europe's overseas colonies?
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Many colonial troops who served in World War I expected better treatment as a reward for their service. → Many colonial troops returned home with less respect for their rulers and an expectation that they had earned the right to better treatment.
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What is import substitution industrialization as promoted by governments in Latin America during the Great Depression?
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Reaction against the hardships of the Great Depression → Japan suffered badly in the Great Depression, leading many people to long for a stronger government that could deal more effectively with the economic crisis.
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What event was the spark that ignited World War I?
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The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy → The assassination of Franz Ferdinand (and his wife Sophie) by a Serbian nationalist triggered the First World War.
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Which of the following is an example of the global impact of World War I?
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The Japanese gained territories in the Pacific and China at the expense of the Germans. → The Japanese allied with Britain and took various German possessions in China and the Pacific.
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What two new major states disrupted the balance of European power in the late nineteenth century?
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Germany and Italy → Both Germany and Italy became unified states in 1870 and rapidly became significant international players.
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Which of the following was a distinctive social development that occurred in the aftermath of World War I?
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A new consumerism based on consumption of new types of goods took root in Western countries.
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Which of the following best reflects Japan's experience of the Great Depression?
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The Depression energized a growing movement in Japanese political life known as Radical Nationalism or the Revolutionary Right. → Expressed in dozens of small groups, it was especially appealing to younger army officers. The movement's many separate organizations shared an extreme nationalism, hostility to parliamentary democracy, a commitment to elite leadership, and dedication to foreign expansion.
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Which of the following states was an ally of Germany in World War I?
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Ottoman Empire
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What was the name of the alliance between Germany, Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the opening of the twentieth century?
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Triple Alliance
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Which of the following was an important factor in the staggering number of casualties suffered by all sides in World War I?
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New military technologies contributed to higher casualties. → Rapid industrialization had generated an array of novel weapons, including submarines, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, and barbed wire which proved horrifically deadly on the battlefield.
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Published in Japan in 1937, The Cardinal Principles of Our National Polity was a[n]
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textbook used in Japanese schools. → The department of education issued the text, which was required reading for Japanese students.
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Many people felt a widespread disillusionment with European values.
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Many people felt a widespread disillusionment with European values. World War I caused a massive moral and spiritual crisis in which many questioned their assumptions about European superiority.
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Which of the following was an important political legacy of World War I?
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The war created the context in which the first communist country in the world emerged. → In Russia, the strains of war triggered a vast revolutionary upheaval that brought the radical Bolsheviks to power in 1917.
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How did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?
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Hitler became chancellor by lawful election: his Nazi Party won the largest number of delegates to the German parliament, and he was invited to form a government. → Although the Nazis only won a minority of the vote at the end of 1932, they were still the single dominant power; following the parliamentary procedure of the day, Hitler was invited to create a coalition government.
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Which of the following states was created from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I?
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Syria → Syria was one of several states created from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
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Which statement best describes the U.S. role in World War I?
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The United States entered the war late but played an important role in the defeat of Germany. → The United States didn't enter the war until 1917, but the arrival of American troops played a key role in the Allied victory.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement of the Nazi attitude toward women?
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Women's place is in the home where their role as mothers serves a vital function for the family and the state. → Nazi views toward women can be summed up in the tag "Kinder, Kiche, Kirche" ("children, kitchen, church")—women's prime glory is the production of children, but their care for the home is also important.
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Which of the following was a development that affected women in the aftermath of World War I?
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Some women known as flappers flouted traditional social and cultural norms. → Young middle-class women known as flappers flouted convention by frequenting nightclubs, smoking, dancing, drinking hard liquor, cutting their hair short, wearing revealing clothing, and generally expressing a more open sexuality.
