VT17 Anesthesia – DRUGS – Flashcards
79 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 79question
What is the decreases tear and saliva production, pupil and bronchi dilation, prevents vomiting/diarrhea and bradycardia?
answer
Effects of Anticholinergic
Unlock the answer
question
Less likely to cause arrhythamias; duration 2-3 hours; does NOT cross placenta. Used in small dogs and cats.
answer
Glycopyrrolate in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
Rapid onset; duration 1 hour. Used for large dogs, and C-sections in cats or dogs of any size.
answer
Atropine in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
What is an example of Phenothiazine?
answer
Acepromazine
Unlock the answer
question
What color is Acepromazine?
answer
Yellow
Unlock the answer
question
CNS sedative
answer
Phenothiazine mechanism
Unlock the answer
question
Sedation, NO anesthesia, NO analgesia, peripheral vasodilation (hypothermia, hypotension), antiarrhythmic (may offset effects of anesthetic, antihistamine, antiemetic in cats and dogs, lower seizure threshold, excitment during recovery, penile prolapse in horses.
answer
Phenothiazine (Acepromazine) effects
Unlock the answer
question
Used alone to produce sedation lasting 4-48 hours, sedation prior to procedure, reduced does of anesthetics, sedation during recovery
answer
Phenothiazines in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
What class of drugs in high doses do not increase sedation, but worsen hypotension and prolong the duration of effects?
answer
Phenothiazines
Unlock the answer
question
What are some examples of Benzodiazepines?
answer
Diazepam, Midazolam, Zolazepam
Unlock the answer
question
CNS tranquilzer
answer
Benzodiazepine mechanism
Unlock the answer
question
Tranquilization without sedation, NO anesthesia, NO analgesia, muscule relaxation, anticonvulsant, appetite stimulant in cats, minimal effects in cardic and respiratory function.
answer
Benzodiazepine effects
Unlock the answer
question
Premedication, combined with induction agents, to reduce dosages and offset negative effects of anesthesia agents
answer
Benzodiazepine in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
What is the generic and trade name of a drug that is propylene glycol based, and must go IV due to IM irritation?
answer
Diazepam, Valium
Unlock the answer
question
Diazepam (Valium) can be mixed with Ketamine, but can NOT be mixed with what?
answer
Atropine, Acepromazine, Barbiturates, or Opioids
Unlock the answer
question
What Bezodiazepine is water based and suitable for IM, SQ and IV?
answer
Midazolam
Unlock the answer
question
What are four examples of alpha-2 agonists?
answer
Xylazine (Rompun), Medetomidine( Domitor), Detomidine (Dormosedan), Romifidine (Sedivet)
Unlock the answer
question
What has a direct effect on the heart and blood vessels as well as acting as a CNS seditative?
answer
Alpha-2 agonists mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
Sedation to full anesthesia, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation,bradycardia, decreased contractility, arrhythmias, peripheral dilation, respiratory suppression variable, emesis in dogs and CATS, GI hypomotility in dogs and large animals
answer
Effects of alpha-2 agonists
Unlock the answer
question
Sole anesthesia for minor procedures, part of combined anesthesia, and reversible.
answer
Alpha-2 agonists in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
What can Xyazine (Rompun) be reversed with?
answer
Yohimbine
Unlock the answer
question
What can Medetomidine (Domitor) be reversed with?
answer
Atipamezole (Antisedan)
Unlock the answer
question
What can Detomidine (Dormosedan) be reversed with?
answer
Tolasoline
Unlock the answer
question
Of all the alpha-2 agonists, which would most likely be used for a canine?
answer
Medetomidine (Domitor)
Unlock the answer
question
What alpha-2 agonists create less hypomotility?
answer
Detomidine (Dormosedan), Romifidine (Sedivet)
Unlock the answer
question
What are examples of Morphine derivatives?
answer
Morphine, Buprenorphine (Buprenex), Hydromorphine (Dilaudid), Oxymorphone (Numorphan)
Unlock the answer
question
What are examples of synthetic opioids?
answer
Butorphanol (Torbutrol, Torbugesic), Fetanyl, Meperidine (Demerol)
Unlock the answer
question
What acts as a CNS sedative, and CNS anaglesic?
answer
Opioid mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
Sedation, potent analgesic, respiratory depression to apnea, bradycardia (normal blood pressure), impaired thermoregulation, GI hypermotility followed by stasis, and may produce excitement in cats and horses
answer
Opioid effects
Unlock the answer
question
Used as a premedication in surgeries of painful conditions (fractures); it is also usually combined with tranquilizer and anticholinergic, neuroleptanalgesia, often a postoperative analgesia, and is reversible with Naloxone (Narcan).
answer
Opioids in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
What is a high dose combination of opioid and tranquilizer; a deep sedation and analgesia for minor procedures?
answer
Neuroletanalgesic
Unlock the answer
question
Thiopental (Pentothal), Methohexital (Brevital), Pentobarital, Phenobarbial are all examples of what?
answer
Barbiturates
Unlock the answer
question
What barbiturates are used as an induction agent?
answer
Thiopental (Pentothal), Methohextial (Brevital)
Unlock the answer
question
What barbiturate is used for seizure control, euthanasia?
answer
Pentobarbital
Unlock the answer
question
What barbiturate is used for LONG term seizure control?
answer
Phenobarbital
Unlock the answer
question
What acts as CNS depression, and it's initial recovery through redistribution of drug from blood and brain to muscle and fat?
answer
Barbiturate mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
Brief anesthesia, no analgesia, induction apnea and respiratory depression, cardiac depression and hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and all negative effects are worse with rapid administration or high doses.
answer
Barbiturate effects
Unlock the answer
question
When using barbiturates in anesthesia, what is the onset and duration time of the drug?
answer
Onset < 1 minute and Duration 5-20 minutes
Unlock the answer
question
When using barbiturates in anesthesia, what amount of the drug should be given in order to minimize side effects?
answer
Only the amount needed
Unlock the answer
question
When using barbiturates in anesthesia, what type of animals should be avoided?
answer
Sighthounds and very lean animals
Unlock the answer
question
When using barbiturates in anesthesia, what will lead to tissue necrosis and patient chewing of the injection site?
answer
Perivascular injection
Unlock the answer
question
Ketamine and Tiletamine (Telazol) are examples of what type of drug?
answer
Cycloheximines
Unlock the answer
question
Block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, disrupts neural communication between cortex and midbrain to produce catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, trancelike state called Dissociative Anesthesia
answer
Cycloheximine mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
Anesthesia, somatic analgesia, no visceral analgesia, minimal cardiac and respiratory effects, muscle tone increased, swallowing and ocular reflexes maintained, salivation, eyes open with dilated pupils, sensitivity to sound and other stimuli, lowered seizure threshold, ataxia during recovery.
answer
Cycloheximine effects
Unlock the answer
question
When using Cycloheximines in anesthesia, one should safeguard against what during recovery?
answer
Injuries
Unlock the answer
question
This drug may be used in induction, general anesthesia, and due to side effects may complicate patient monitoring.
answer
Cycloheximines in anesthesia
Unlock the answer
question
Propofol (Propoflo), Rapinovet are examples of what kind of drug?
answer
Substituted Phenol
Unlock the answer
question
CNS depression, and rapid recovery through redistribution.
answer
Substituted Phenol mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
Anesthesia, no analgesia, apnea and respiratory depression, cardiac depression and hyotension
answer
Substituted Phenol effects
Unlock the answer
question
When using Substituted Phenol, when should any unused portion be discarded?
answer
6 hours
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the appearance of Substituted Phenol.
answer
White, milky
Unlock the answer
question
Substituted Phenol's do not mix with most other drugs because it is an emulsion in what?
answer
Soy oil, egg, lecithin and glycerol
Unlock the answer
question
Substituted Phenol supports the growth of what?
answer
Bacterial
Unlock the answer
question
Methoxyflurane, Halothane, Isoflurane and Sevoflurane are examples of what type of drug?
answer
Halogenated Organic Compounds
Unlock the answer
question
Inhaled gases, loss of consciousness, exact mechanism in CNS neurons is unknown.
answer
Halogenated Organic Compound mechanisms
Unlock the answer
question
What solubility does Methoxyflurane have?
answer
15.0
Unlock the answer
question
Methoxyflurane is what percent in air?
answer
3.5%
Unlock the answer
question
MAC
answer
Minimum Alveolar Concentration
Unlock the answer
question
MAC is the measurement of what?
answer
Potency
Unlock the answer
question
Surgical anesthesia for most patients requires how many times the MAC?
answer
1.5-2
Unlock the answer
question
What is the MAC and maintenance of Methoxyflurane?
answer
0.23% and 0.5%
Unlock the answer
question
What is the vapor pressure in Methoxyflurane?
answer
23mm Hg
Unlock the answer
question
What is the vapor pressure in Halothane?
answer
243 mm Hg
Unlock the answer
question
What is the solubility in Halothane?
answer
2.54
Unlock the answer
question
What is the MAC and maintenance of Halothane?
answer
0.9% and 1.5-2%
Unlock the answer
question
What is the MAC and maintenance of Isoflurane?
answer
1.3% and 2-2.5%
Unlock the answer
question
What is the solubility of Isoflurane?
answer
1.46
Unlock the answer
question
What is the vapor pressure of Isoflurane?
answer
240mm Hg
Unlock the answer
question
What is the vapor pressure of Sevoflurane?
answer
157mm Hg
Unlock the answer
question
What is the solubility of Sevoflurane?
answer
0.68
Unlock the answer
question
What is MAC and maintenance of Sevoflurane?
answer
2.2% and 3.5-4%
Unlock the answer
question
Morphine, Hydromorphone, Oxymorphone, Fentanyl, and Meperidine are in what stage of DEA controlled substances?
answer
Schedule II
Unlock the answer
question
Buprenorphine, Thiopental, Ketamine, Tiletamine, and Zolazepam are in what stage of DEA controlled substances?
answer
Schedule III
Unlock the answer
question
Diazepam, Midazolam, and Butorphanol are in what stage of DEA controlled substances?
answer
Schedule IV
Unlock the answer
question
What anesthetic drugs are NOT DEA controlled substances?
answer
Anticholinergics, Phenothiazines, Alpha-2 agonists, Propofol, and inhalation anesthetics
Unlock the answer
