Volcano Study Guide – Flashcards
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1. What are the four types of volcanic landforms made form ash or lava?
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Shield, Composite, Lava Plateau, and Cindercone.
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2. What is each type of volcano made of?
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Pipes, vents, craters, magma chamber, and lava flow.
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3. What type of magma does each volcano typically form from (basaltic or granitic/rhyolitic)?
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Basaltic, if it is from Composite, Lava Plateau, or Shield. Granitic if it is from Composite and Cindercone.
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4. How does each type of volcano typically erupt (quietly, violently or both)?
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They erupt by both because Cindercone erupts violently. Shield erupts quietly. Composite erupts both.
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5. What about the magma in a volcano determines if the eruption will be quiet or violent?
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You need to know what type of magma it is. Basaltic or granitic.
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6. Where are the different locations on Earth that volcanoes tend to form?
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They form at divergent and convergent boundaries. And also at hot spots.
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7. How do volcanoes form at each of the locations identified above?
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At a convergent boundary, one plate subducts under another and it melts into magma then rises and cools. At a divergent boundary, it forms at a mid-ocean ridge then magma cools to build up mountains. At a hot spot, it forms from magma coming out of the mantle then it comes through the weak spot in the crust and flows out.
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8. What roles do the pipes and vents in a volcano play?
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The pipes carry the magma out. The vents are places where the magma comes out of the pipes.
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9. What are some dangers of living next to or nearby to a volcano?
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If it erupts violently, then the pyroclastic flow will suffocate you.
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10. Why do some people choose to live near volcanoes?
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There is fertile soil and you can farm easily on it.
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11. What is the ring of fire and where is it located?
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The ring of fire is a line of volcanoes in the pacific ocean.
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12. What type of magma are pahoehoe and aa formed from?
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They are basaltic magma.
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13. What is the difference between an extinct volcano and a dormant volcano?
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An extinct volcano will never erupt again according to geologists, and a dormant volcano will erupt again in a long time.
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14. Compare and contrast a sill and a dike?
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A sill goes horizontally and a dike goes vertically.
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15. What is the relationship between a batholith and a dome mountain?
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A batholith is a huge section of magma that cools. A dome mountain is not a bunch of magma cooling.
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Volcano
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a weak spot in the crust where magma can come out
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Magma
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molten rock, gases, and water from the mantle
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Viscosity
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how hard it is for a liquid to flow out
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Pahoehoe
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fast moving, hot magma
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aa
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slow moving, cool magma
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Quiet Eruption
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(Basaltic) erupts then creates a lava flow
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Explosive Eruption
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(Granitic) erupts then creates a pyroclastic flow
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Pyroclastic Flow
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mixture of gases, ash, cinder, and bomb
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Active
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erupting or will erupt
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Dormant
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not active at the moment
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Extinct
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not likely to erupt ever again according to geologists
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Shield
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has layers of lava (quiet)
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Cindercone
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has layers of ash, bomb, and cinder (explosive)
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Composite
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can erupt both ways
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Lava Plateau
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a plateau mad up of lava
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Caldera
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a huge hole left by the collapse of a volcano mountain
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Volcanic Neck
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forms when magma hardens in the pipe
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Dike
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a boundary where magma flows vertically
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Sill
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a boundary where magma flows horizontally
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Batholith
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mass of rock formed from large bodies of magma when it cools
