USMLE First Aid 2018: Classic Treatments – Flashcards
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Ethylene Glycol/Methanol Intoxication pg 72
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Fomepizole (Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor)
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Neisseria meningitis pg 128
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Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
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Clostridium botulinum pg 132
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Antitoxin
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Clostridium tetani pg 132
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Antitoxin
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Staphylococcus aureus pg 133
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MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline
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Streptococcus pyogenes pg 135
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Penicillin prophylaxis
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Streptococcus pneumoniae pg 136
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Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia) Vancomycin (meningitis)
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Streptococcus bovis pg 137
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Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
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Enterococcus pg 137
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Vancomycin, aminopenicillins, cephalosporins
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Haemophilus influenzae (B) pg 124
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amoxicillin +/- clavulanate (mucosal infections) ceftriaxone (meningitis) rifampin (prophylaxis)
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Legionella pneumophila pg 143
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Macrolides (e.g. azithromycin)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa pg 143
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Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems
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Treponema pallidum pg 147
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Penicillin G
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Chlamydia trachomatis pg 149
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Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin for chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants
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Rickettsia rickettsii pg 150
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Doxycycline, chloramphenicol
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Candida albicans pg 153
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Topical azoles (vaginitis) Nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal) Fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)
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Cryptococcus neoformans pg 153
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Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
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Sporothrix schenckii pg 154
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Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide
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Pneumocystis jirovecii pg 154
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TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients with CD4 <200/mm^3)
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Toxoplasma gondii pg 156
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Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
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Malaria pg 157
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Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont) primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
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Trichomonas vaginalis pg 158
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Metronidazole (patient and partner)
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Influenza pg 169
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Oseltamivir, zanamivir
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CMV pg 177
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Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae pg 184
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Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
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Clostridium difficile pg 185
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Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis pg 196
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RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
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UTI prophylaxis pg 198
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TMP-SMX
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Chronic hepatitis B or C pg 202
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Interferon-Alpha (HBV and HCV); Ribavirin, Simeprevir, or Sofosbuvir for Hep C
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Patent ductus arteriosus pg 295
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Close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE analogs
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Stable angina pg 299
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Sublingual nitroglycerin
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Hypercholesterolemia pg 299
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Statin (first-line)
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Buerger disease pg 308
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Smoking cessation
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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) pg 308
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Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
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Kawasaki disease pg 308
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IVIG, high dose aspirin
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Temporal arteritis 308
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High-dose steroids
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Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue pg 315
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Class 1B anti-arrhythmic (lidocaine or mexiletine)
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Pheochromocytoma pg 316
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alpha-antagonists (like Phenoxybenzamine)
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Prolactinoma pg 324
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Cabergoline or Bromocriptine (Dopamine Agonists)
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Diabetes insipidus pg 342
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Desmopressin (central) Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
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SIADH pg 342
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Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocycline
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 pg 345
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Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
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Diabetes mellitus type 2 pg 345
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Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis pg 345
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Fluids, Insulin, Potassium
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Carcinoid syndrome pg 365
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Octreotide
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Crohn disease pg 376
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Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine
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Ulcerative colitis pg 376
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5-ASA preparations (e.g. mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
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Hypertriglyceridemia pg 391
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Fibrates
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Sickle cell disease pg 410
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Hydroxyurea (↑fetal hemoglobin)
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia pg 420
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Imatinib
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Acute Pro-myelocytic Leukemia (APML; M3) pg 422
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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
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Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy pg 423
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Heparin
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Heparin reversal pg 423
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Protamine sulfate
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Immediate anti-coagulation pg 423
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Heparin
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Long-term anticoagulation pg 424
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Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban
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Warfarin reversal pg 424
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Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)
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Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis pg 428
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Mesna
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HER2/neu-Positive Breast Cancer pg 431
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Trastuzumab
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Osteoporosis pg 449
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Calcium and vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)
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Osteomalacia/rickets pg 450
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Vitamin D supplementation
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Chronic gout pg 472
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Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor (allopurinol, febuxostat), pegloticase, probenecid
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Acute gout attack pg 472
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NSAIDs, colchicine, steroids
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Neural tube defect prevention pg 475
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Prenatal folic acid
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Migraine pg 502
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Abortive Therapies: Sumatriptan, NSAIDs; Prophylaxis: Propranolol, Topiramate, Calcium Channel Blockers, Amitriptyline
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Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) pg 502
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Carbamazepine
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Multiple sclerosis pg 507
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Disease modifying- Interferon-Beta, Natalizumab; For Acute Flares- Intravenous Steroids
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Tonic-clonic seizures pg 528
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Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
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Absence seizures pg 528
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Ethosuximide
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Malignant hyperthermia pg 533
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Dantrolene
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Anorexia pg 550
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Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine
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Bulimia nervosa pg 550
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SSRIs
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Alcoholism pg 555
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Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care
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ADHD pg 556
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Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine
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Alcohol withdrawal pg 556
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Long-acting benzodiazepines
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Bipolar disorder pg 556
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Mood Stabilizers (Lithium, Valproic Acid, Carbamazepine) or Atypical Anti-psychotics
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Depression pg 556
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SSRIs (first-line)
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Generalized anxiety disorder pg 556
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SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)
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Schizophrenia (positive symptoms) pg 556
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Typical and atypical antipsychotics
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Schizophrenia (negative symptoms) pg 557
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Atypical antipsychotics
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Hyperaldosteronism pg 591
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Spironolactone
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia pg 635
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alpha-1-antagonist (Tamsulosin); 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (Finasteride); PDE-5 inhibitor (Tadalafil)
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Infertility pg 637
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Leuprolide, Pulsatile GnRH, Clomiphene
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women pg 637
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Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
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ER-Positive Breast Cancer pg 637
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Tamoxifen
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Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids pg 637
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Leuprolide, Continuous GnRH
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Medical abortion pg 638
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Mifepristone
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Prostate adenocarcinoma pg 639
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Flutamide
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Erectile dysfunction pg 639
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sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic) pg 667
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Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
