Acute Renal Failure Flashcards, test questions and answers

Question 1

A client with renal failure continues to put out adequate urine. What form of acute renal failure is the client experiencing? A. Prerenal B. Intrarenal C. Nonoliguric D. Postrenal

Answer

ANS: C Some clients have a nonoliguric form of ARF, in which urine output remains near normal.
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Question 2

A client with acute renal failure develops hyperkalemia. What drug should the nurse be prepared to administer? A. Kayexalate B. Furosemide C. Dopamine D. Mannitol

Answer

ANS: A Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene) is a cation exchange resin that exchanges sodium for potassium. This drug can be given orally or as a retention enema.
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Question 3

Which medication taken by a client diagnosed with acute renal failure may be a potential cause of the disorder? A. Acetaminophen B. Furosemide C. Ibuprofen D. Lanoxin

Answer

ANS: C Acute renal failure can be caused by certain medications considered to have a nephrotoxic effect, such as NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Question 4

Which cause of hypertension is the most common in acute renal failure? 1) Pulmonary edema 2) Hypervolemia 3) Hypovolemia 4) Anemia

Answer

2) Acute renal failure causes hypervolemia as a result of overexpansion of extracellular fluid and plasma volume with the hypersecretion of rennin. Therefore, hypervolemia causes hypertension.
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Question 5

Which of the following is used to decrease potassium level seen in acute renal failure? a) Kayexalate b) Calcium supplements c) IV dextrose 50% d) Sorbitol

Answer

Kayexalate
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Question 6

The client with acute renal failure has a serum potassium of 6.0 mEq/L. The nurse would plan which of the following as a priority action? a) check the sodium level b) place the client on a cardiac monitor c) encourage increased vegetables in the diet d) allow an extra 500 ml of fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte concentration

Answer

b) place the client on a cardiac monitor
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Question 7

7. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute renal failure. Which of the following assessments provides the most accurate measure of the client’s fluid status?

Answer

Daily weight Rationale: According to the evidence-based priority-setting framework, daily weight provides important information about the client’s fluid status. A gain or loss of 1 kg (2.2 lb) indicates a gain or loss of 1 liter of fluid; therefore, weighing the client daily will provide the nurse with the most accurate fluid status measurement.
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Question 8

Which sign indicated the second phase of acute renal failure? 1. Daily doubling of urine output (4 to 5 L/day) 2. Urine output less than 400 ml/day 3. Urine output less than 100 ml/day 4. Stabilization of renal function

Answer

1. Daily doubling of the urine output indicates that the nephrons are healing. This means the patient is passing into the second phase (dieresis) of acute renal failur
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Question 9

A client admitted with a gunshot wound to the abdomen is transferred to the intensive care unit after an exploratory laparotomy. I.V. fluid is being infused at 150 ml/hour. Which assessment finding suggests that the client is experiencing acute renal failure (ARF)? a) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 22 mg/dl b) Urine output of 250 ml/24 hours c) Temperature of 100.2° F (37.8° C) d) Serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dl

Answer

urine output of 250ml/24 hours
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Question 10

Acute tubular necrosis is a type of acute renal failure the results primarily from____ and_____.

Answer

-renal ischemia -nephrotoxic injury
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