US HISTORY REGENTS – Flashcards
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What do you know about Shay's Rebellion?
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An armed rebellion which happened in central and western Massachusetts because of financial difficulties.
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The establishment of the president's cabinet was the result of ?
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precedent started by George Washington
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An example of judicial review
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The Supreme Court declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
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The right of habeas corpus
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no person should be held in custody unless charged with a crime
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Alexander Hamilton's proposal to create a national bank and Thomas Jefferson's proposal to purchase the Louisiana Territory were criticized because both actions would ?
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require a loose interpretation of the Constitution
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What is a loose interpretation of the Constitution?
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the government of the United States hold all powers that are not specifically denied by the Constitution.
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What is a strict interpretation of the Constitution?
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Constitution states that the government of the United States holds only those powers specifically granted to it by the Constitution
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The main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to
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limit European influence in the Americas
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Which Supreme Court decision is most closely associated with the Trail of Tears?
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Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
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What do you know about the Trail of Tears?
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a name given to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
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Hamilton's financial program
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He created National Bank, his plans benefitted the rich, assumed nation's debts into the state government, and paid off debts in installments with interest
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"Missouri Compromise Allows Two New States Into the Union" "Congress Agrees to Compromise of 1850" "Popular Sovereignty Adopted under Kansasnebraska Act" Which issue is reflected in these headlines?
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status of slavery in the territories and states
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a major result of the Civil War?
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The power of the central government was strengthened
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a result of the disputed presidential election of 1876?
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Reconstruction ended as federal troops were removed from the South
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What happened to the presidential election of 1876?
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The most disputed presidential elections in American history. The Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction. Votes were ultimately awarded to Hayes, the candidate from the Republicans.
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During the late 1800s, the idea of Social Darwinism was used to explain the
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success or failure of businesses
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What is Social Darwinism?
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the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease.
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Homestead Act (1862)?
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several United States federal laws that gave an applicant ownership of land, typically called a "homestead", at little or no cost. You don't have to pay money!
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The original settlements in the thirteen British colonies were all located
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east of the Appalachian Mountains
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What was a main reason large plantations developed in the South during the colonial period?
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The coastal plain in the South contained large areas of fertile soil.
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British colonial policy of mercantilism
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Raw materials from the colonies were shipped to England.
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the House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact, and town hall meetings were all developments that led to the
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creation of representative government
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During the early 1770s, how did the British government respond to increasing American protests of British colonial policy?
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It increased efforts to maintain order and enforce laws.
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Which constitutional principle best protects the public from abuse by one branch of government?
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checks and balances
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1) A bicameral legislature is created 2) An enslaved person is counted as three-fifths of one person for purposes of both representation and taxation These statements describe
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compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention
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What is the Constitutional Convention?
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to address problems in governing the US
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What policy did President Washington believe that the United States should follow?
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To avoid involvement in the political disputes of Europe
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Many critics of the electoral college system point out that it
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might not select the candidate with the largest number of popular votes
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The judicial review in Marbury v. Madison gave federal courts the authority to
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decide whether a law is constitutional
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A major reason to purchase the Louisiana Territory was to
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secure control of the port of New Orleans
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In the 1840s, President James K. Polk's belief in Manifest Destiny led to
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a war with Mexico
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The principle of popular sovereignty was an important part of which Act?
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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A primary reason for the passage of the 14th amendment in 1868 was to
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guarantee citizenship rights to the newly freed slaves (guarantee: make sure)
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After the Civil War, white Southern landowners used sharecropping to
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maintain a cheap labor supply (maintain: to keep)
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sharecropping
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a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land. This is a system in the south after civil war.
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Who are the "new" immigrants of the late 1800s?
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People from southern and eastern Europe
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The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v.Ferguson (1896) affected African Americans by
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upholding racial segregation (uphold: to support)
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The explosion of the USS Maine and the practice of yellow journalism played a significant role in the
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public's support for the Spanish-American War
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President Theodore Roosevelt's conservation efforts were influenced by a desire to
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protect natural resources for the future
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What do you know about women's right by 1914?
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Most states had approved at least some voting rights for women.
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muckraker
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a person who searches government's scandal or bad deeds
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The actions of muckrakers in the late 19th century and early 20th century resulted in (x2)
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government regulation of unfair business practices or corruption in government and business.
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The United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles after World War I because many senators believed______ (ratify: to agree with) (senator: a member of the government)
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The League of Nations could draw the US into future wars
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What was one feature of the United States economy during the 1920s that contributed to the Great Depression?
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expansion of easy credit
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What is Great Depression?
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the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
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Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and Bessie Smith are most closely associated with efforts to
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promote the cultural identity of African Americans through the arts
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The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses and the signing of the Mayflower Compact showed that American colonists
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practiced self-government
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Antifederalist
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a person who was against the extension of the federal power
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bicameral legislature
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A legislature with two houses, or chambers. The United States Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
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Albany Plan of Union
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a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government.
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What do you know about the First Amendment?
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protects the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, press, and gathering without government's interference (involvement)
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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They were signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to DEPORT foreigners as well as making it harder for new IMMIGRANTS to vote. (deport: to kick out)
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How long did a new immigrant have to wait until they can vote?
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Raising to 14 years from five years.
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Why did the US agree with Alien and Sedition Acts?
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The government saw foreigners as a deep threat to American security.
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Which two key principles of government are included in the Declaration of Independence?
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consent of the governed and natural rights (consent: agreement, the governed: the people)
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Which major issue was debated at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and contributed directly to the start of the Civil War?
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balance of power between the states and the national government
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The United States and New York State constitution establish republican forms of government because each provides for
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elected representatives
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What was the primary objection of the Anti-federalists to ratification of the Constitution? (ratification: agreement, objection: disagreement)
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They believed the rights of the people were not protected.
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According to the Constitution, the president is required to
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sign or veto bills passed by Congress (veto: to refuse, to disagree)
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In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court established a precedent for (precedent: a case that happened first can be used as an example for the following cases)
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judicial review
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what is judicial review?
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The US Supreme Court will check if an act is constitutional or not.
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expedition
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an organized trip made for a particular purpose such as exploration
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The Lewis and Clark expedition (1803-1806) was important because
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It increased understanding of the area included in the Louisiana Purchase.
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What did President Lincoln's plan forReconstruction after the Civil War include?
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reuniting the nation as quickly as possible
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After the Civil War, freedmen in the South had difficulty improving their economic condition. Why? (Freedmen: a man who has been freed from slavery)
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the system of sharecropping kept them in a cycle of poverty
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Suffrage
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the right of people to vote for a government or national leader.
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national Prohibition
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the legal definition of intoxicating liquors as well as penalties for producing them. (Intoxicating liquors are alcohol such as brandy and whisky)
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Protective tariffs
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A duty imposed on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive to consumers and thus protecting domestic industries from foreign competition.
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In the second half of the 1800s, growth of American cities led to _________
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expansion of political machines, development of tenement housing, and increase in crime (tenement: apartment house)
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What did the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine proclaim?
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The right of the US to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations.
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President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal.
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Three C's to help middle class citizens AND improve railroad regulations AND distinguish GOOD TRUST from BAD TRUSTS conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, consumer protection
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the purpose of Fourteen Points
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suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars
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Progressive Era reforms designed to
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place more power in the hands of the voters
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The Scopes trial and the Sacco and Vanzetti case both involved
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clashes over cultural values (clash: conflict)
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The prosperity of the United States in the mid-1920s resulted in part from (prosperity: doing well financially)
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increased demand for new consumer goods
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Which region of the United States was most directly affected by the Dust Storm?
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Great Plains
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The entrance of the United States into World War II was preceded by (precede: happen before)
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American aid to help Great Britain defend itself against German aggression
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As a result of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Constitution was amended to (amend: change slightly)
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limit the number of terms a person can serve as president
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The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II illustrates that (internment: putting people in prison for political reason)
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civil liberties are sometimes limited during times of national crisis. (liberty: freedom)
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After World War II, what was one important result of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill)?
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Many veterans attended college. (veteran: someone who has served in the army)
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What do you know about the Korean War?
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The war did little to alter the territorial division of Korea. (alter: change)
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The perceived threat of communist influence in the United States during the 1950s prompted Congress to
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investigate suspected communist sympathizers (sympathizer: a person who sympathize for something)
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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) provided congressional support for
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escalating military action in Vietnam (escalate: to speed up)
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Americans warned that they lagged behind Soviet Union in space programs. President Kennedy responded to warnings like this by
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pledging to put a man on the Moon within a decade (pledge: to make serious promise)
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A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program was to
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enact social welfare programs to end poverty
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President Ronald Reagan and President George W. Bush shared the belief that tax cuts would result in
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the growth of the economy
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In New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995), the United States Supreme Court ruled that
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student rights may be limited in school
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What was the major purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)?
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promoting fair competition between businesses
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an example of the use of the unwritten constitution?
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cabinet meeting called by President Bill Clinton in 1993
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The growing use of the automobile in the 1920s and the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 both contributed to
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the growth of suburbs (suburb: a smaller area outside the center of the city)
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A valid generalization about immigration to the United States? (valid: true)
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Few restrictions on European immigration existed before the 1920s. (meaning: there was almost zero restrictions on European immigration before the 1920s)
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a concern shared by John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, and Rachel Carson?
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The natural environment must be protected.
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The League of Nations and the United Nations were both formed with the goal of
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preventing wars through peaceful negotiations
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Which factor contributed most to the repeal of national Prohibition in 1933? (repeal: to officially end something)
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The inability of government to enforce the law
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1) Banning loans to nations at war 2) Prohibiting the sale of armaments to nations at war 3) Limiting travel by United States citizens on ships of belligerent nations These governmental actions of the 1930s were similar because each was intended to _________ (belligerent: aggressive)
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keep the United States out of international conflicts
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The major reason for President Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was
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the potential loss of American lives from an invasion of Japan
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Potsdam Conference about war criminals led to ?
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trials in Nuremberg, Germany
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Which factor directly contributed to the growth of suburban communities after World War II?
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Returning veterans created a demand for housing.
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Which event marked the beginning of the space race with the Soviet Union?
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launch of Sputnik
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A major goal of the Great Society programs begun under President Lyndon B. Johnson was to
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reduce poverty in the nation
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Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) improved conditions for the disabled by
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mandating easier access to employment and public facilities.
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What did September 11, 2001 attack lead to?
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US invasion of Afghanistan, increased security at airports, and creation of the Department of Homeland Security
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• Battle of Saratoga (1777) • Battle of Gettysburg (1863) • Battle of Midway (1942) These battles are similar because
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In each of them US was a turning point.
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The US foreign policy in 1904?
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imperialism
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A valid generalization about the presidential elections since 1960 is that
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candidates have used new forms of mass media to reach voters
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During the Great Depression of the 1930s and the economic crisis of 2008-2010, the federal government initiated reforms in the banking system to
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strengthen federal control over the financial system.
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The event before 1763?
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French and Indian War
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From the 1600s through the 1800s, the major reason for the westward movement of settlers was to
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acquire new areas of fertile soil for agriculture (acquire: to obtain / fertile: able to grow more food)
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Colonial-era New England town meetings and the Virginia House of Burgesses were both
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the growth of representative democracy
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The years between the end of the American Revolution and the ratification of the Constitution are sometimes called the "critical period" because (ratification: agreement / critical: important)
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the central government failed to solve many economic problems
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an idea in the Great Compromise during the drafting of the Constitution in 1787?
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A bicameral legislature would protect the power of both the large states and the small states.
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Federalists' opinion
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1) Our national government should be strong. State governments should have only limited powers. 2) The executive branch should have significant power. (executive: a part of department to make a decision)
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During George Washington's presidency, the authority of the federal government was strengthened by the (strengthen: make stronger)
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suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion (to press down something with force)
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Under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801-1835), the Supreme Court expanded the influence of the national government by
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strengthening federal powers over interstate commerce and banking (commerce: business, buying or selling things)
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the National Road and the Erie Canal were built to connect which regions?
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Atlantic Coast and Midwest
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supporters of Manifest Destiny agreed
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acquiring Texas and California
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Which constitutional principle was the main focus of the North-South conflicts that led to the Civil War?
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state rights
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Slavery throughout the United States was permanently abolished by _______ (permanently: forever)
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adoption of the 13th amendment to the Constitution
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A major result of the Spanish-American War (1898) was that the United States
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took a more prominent role in world affairs (prominent: very important)
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During the Progressive Era, support for a graduated income tax was based on the
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resentment over the unequal distribution of wealth (resentment: strong dislike)
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policy of Republican presidents in the 1920s
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The federal government should assist business and limit foreign commitments (assist: to help)
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During the 1920s, which economic trend helped cause the Great Depression?
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buying goods on credit
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The result of President Herbert Hoover's use of the military to drive the Bonus Army out of the nation's capital?
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President Hoover's reelection campaign was damaged
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The primary purpose of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) was to
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guarantee collective bargaining rights (guarantee: make sure/ bargaining: to exchange goods for goods)
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one economic consequence of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal? (consequence: result)
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The role of the federal government in the economy expanded
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In urging the United States to become the "arsenal of democracy," President Franklin D. Roosevelt meant the nation should ? (arsenal: a building to store many weapons)
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provide war materials to Allied nations
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During World War II, the federal government urged Americans to support the war effort by (urge: to push)
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reducing consumption of resources needed for the military (consumption: using something)
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Marshall Program
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provide economic aid to war-damaged Europe
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During the 1950s leaders in government and education were challenged by
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the baby boom that followed WW II.
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In 1948, the United States responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by
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organizing an airlift of supplies to West Berlin
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In the 1960s, a common goal of President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps was to
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support developing nations while containing communism
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Both the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) of 1972 were attempts to ?
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ease Cold War tensions (ease: to reduce the stress)
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President George W. Bush's action to Iraq
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ordering American forces to invade Iraq
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The migrations of African Americans from the South to the North during World War I and World War II are most directly related to
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the availability of factory jobs
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Which action illustrates the concept of checks and balances?
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Congress overriding President Richard Nixon's veto of the War Powers Act (override: to cancel the decision)
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Both President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Barack Obama undertook banking and financial reforms during their administrations to
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restore stability to the national economy
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The development of a farming culture among pre-Columbian Native American Indians helped ensure
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a more stable food supply
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During the colonial period, the economic development of the South was most directly dependent on the labor of
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enslaved Africans
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The results of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) led to the independence movement in the thirteen colonies because the British ________
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began imposing new taxes on the colonists
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Which principle of government is found in both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States?
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Governing power should be divided between different levels of government.
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At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Great Compromise and the Three-fifths Compromise both involved the issue of how
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states would be represented in the national government
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Many Antifederalists opposed ratification of the Constitution until they were guaranteed
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better protection of individual liberties
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What is the first step in adding an amendment to the United States Constitution?
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passage by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress
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One feature common to the foreign policies of Presidents George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson was that each wanted to
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maintain neutrality during European conflicts
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Which document was issued primarily to prevent European nations from future colonization in Latin America?
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Monroe Doctrine (1823)
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A major reason for Commodore Matthew Perry's 1854 visit to Japan was to
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open United States trade relations with Japan
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