US History Chapter 17 Reconstruction – Flashcards
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Reconstruction
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The process of readmitting the former Confederate states to the Union, period lasted from 1865 to 1877
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Ten Percent Plan
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Plan for readmission of southern states proposed by Lincoln.
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Ten Percent Plan
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Plan that offered southerners amnesty for all illegal acts supporting the rebellion
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Ten Percent Plan
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Plan that allowed states to form a new government and be readmitted to the Union when following conditions were met: 10 % of voters in a state had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US and agree that slavery was illegal.
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Alternative to Lincoln's proposal for readmission of southern states
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Plan that allowed states to rejoin the Union under two conditions: slavery was banned and a majority of adult males took a loyalty oath
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Amnesty
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official pardon
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13th Amendment
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Made slavery illegal throughout the US
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13th Amendment
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Expansion of Emancipation Proclamation
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13th Amendment
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Proposed by Congress on January 31, 1865, ratified and took effect on December 18, 1865.
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Freedman's Bureau
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An agency providing relief for freedpeople and certain poor people in the South.
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Freedman's Bureau
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Played an important role in establishing more schools in the South
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Freedman's Bureau
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1. Provided supplies and medical services. 2. Established schools 3. Supervised contracts between freedpeople and employers 4. Took care of lands abandoned or captured during the war
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American Missionary Association
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Northern group that provided before the war ended the South with books and teachers
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April 14, 1865
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President Lincoln is assassinated
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Andrew Johnson
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Democrat Vice President to President Lincoln
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Andrew Johnson
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Bacame president because President Lincoln was killed
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Andrew Johnson
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Pardoned more than 7,000 Southerners by 1866
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Andrew Johnson's Plan of Readmission
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1. He appointed temporary state governments 2. States revised their constitutions 3. Elections held for state and federal representatives 4. State government declared secession was illegal 5. State ratified 13th Amendment and did not pay Confederate debts However, Congress refused to recognized the new federal representatives because they were leaders of the Confederacy.
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Black Codes
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laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans
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Black Codes
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Required African Americans to sign work contracts creating conditions similar to slavery, to prove employment or be arrested. Prevented owning guns and renting property
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Radical Republicans
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Republicans that wanted the federal government to be more involved in Reconstruction and force changes in the South
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Leader of the Radical Republicans from Pennsylvania
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Charles Sumner
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Leader of the Radical Republicans from Massachusetts
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Provided African American the same legal rights as white Americans
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Response of Congress because President Johnson vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau bill in 1866
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14th Amendment
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Ensured citizenship for African Americans and guaranteed equal protection
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Reconstruction Acts
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First passed in March 1867
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Reconstruction Acts
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Divided South into five districts, each under military control
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Reconstruction Acts
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Allowed states to be readmitted when a state wrote a new constitution supporting the 14th Amendment and give African American men the right to vote
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Impeachment
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Process used by Congress to bring charges againes President Johnson
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15th Amendment
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Gave African Americans the right to vote in 1869
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Ulysses Grant
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Elected President in 1868
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Ulysses Grant
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African American votes helped him win a narrow victory against Horatio Seymour
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Hiram Revels
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Became the first African American Senator in 1870
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Blanche K. Bruce
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Important republican in Mississippi and served one term as Senator
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Ku Klux Klan
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secret society opposed to civil rights for African Americans
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Compromise of 1877
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ended dispute of election outcome between Hayes and Tilden.
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Compromise of 1877
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agreement to accept Hayes victory
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Compromise of 1877
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removed all federal troops from the South
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Redeemers
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Democrats that brought their party back to power
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Redeemers
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Wanted to reduce the size of state government and limt the rights of African Americans
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Poll Tax
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Special tax people had to pay before they could vogte
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Literacy Tests
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Test that targeted African Americans to prevent them from voting
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Segregation
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forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places
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Jim Crow Laws
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laws that enforced segregation
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Supreme Court ruling that allowed segregation and allowed "separate-but-equal" facilities
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Separate-but-Equal
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facilities implementing segregation
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Sharecropper
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Person that farmed the land but did not own the land and had give the owner most of the crop
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Henry Grady
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Leader of of the new South movement, Atlanta newpaper editor
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Panic of 1873
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Economic downturn caused by the bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific Raillroad
