US History Ch 5 – Flashcards
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Who was the Delaware Prophet that urged Indians to return to their traditional culture?
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Neolin
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What was the 1763 war between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area?
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Pontiac's War
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What name was given to the group of settlers living in the Appalachians near present day Harrisburg, that wanted protection from Indian attacks? They raided a small band of peaceful Indians in Lancaster County. Later, they made an armed march to Philadelphia in 1764 to show their discontent. A compromise was reached.
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Paxton Boys
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Who was the Prime Minister of Britain in 1763, he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law to try smugglers in vice-admiralty courts which were controlled by British officers and had no jury? He did this to end the smuggling.
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George Grenville
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This act was passed after the French and Indian War. It was to organize Britain's vast new North American empire, and to stabilize relations with Native Americans. It did not allow colonists to settle or buy land west of the Appalachians.
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Proclamation of 1763
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What act was passed that authorized the Royal Navy to act as customs agents in American waters?
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Customs Service Reform
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What courts were set up in the colonies to try maritime cases? This court did not have a jury and was operated by British officials. It was an attempt to stop smuggling.
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vice-admiralty court
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What were the court orders that authorized customs officers to conduct general searches of property for contraband?
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writs of assistance
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What act lowered the tax on molasses, to discourage smuggling, but added new duties on textiles, wine, coffee, indigo, and sugar?
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Sugar Act (Revenue Act of 1764)
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What was Parliament's first direct tax on the Colonies? This act taxed newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, dice and playing cards. This act affected the lives of all colonists.
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Stamp Act of 1765
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What name was given to Patrick Henry's speech that condemned the British government for its taxes and other policies? Patrick Henry's famous quote was made during this speech, "no taxation without representation." May 30, 1765
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Virginia Resolves
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Who made the famous "Give me Liberty or Give Death" speech in the Virginia House of Burgesses? He was protesting the Stamp Tax.
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Patrick Henry
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A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act. It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance.
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Stamp Act Congress
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A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest. Led by Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.
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Sons of Liberty
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A movement under which the colonies agreed to stop importing goods from Britain in order to protest the Stamp Act.
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Non-Importation
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This 1766 Act repealed the Stamp Act, but stated that Great Britain can rule the colonies anyway she sees fit
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Declaratory Act
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What act passed by the British Parliament in 1767 placed a tax on glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea to help increase British revenue?
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Townshend Revenue Act
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General search warrants employed by Britain in an effort to prevent smuggling in the American colonies. (part of the Townshed Revenuer Act)
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writs of assistance
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What act required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies?
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Quartering Act
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Petitions of disapproval of British taxes and actions against the colonies. Colonists promised not to buy British goods.
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Subscription Rolls
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The violent clast between British troops and a Boston crowd on March 5, 1770. Five citizens were killed when the British troops fired into the crowd that had been harassing them. This tragedy showed the colonial resentment of British soldiers in Boston.
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Boston Massacre
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African American who was shot and died at the Boston Massacre many consider him to be the first American to die in the Revolutionary War.
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Cirpus Attucks
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Lawyer from Massachuetss who defended British soldiers in the Boston Massacre trial. He believed in 'innocent until proven guilty'. Supporter of the American Revolution and later became the second US President.
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John Adams
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One of the founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence. He is believed to be the leader of the Boston Tea Party.
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Samuel Adams
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Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies which was attempt to save the Company from bankruptcy. This tax led to the Boston Tea Party.
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Tea Act of 1773
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A network of communication set up in Massachusetts to inform other colonies of actions of the British that threatened colonial rights.
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Committees of Correspondence
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The letter circulated in 1767 throughout the colonies protesting the Townsend Acts and urging the colonists to jointly sign petitions of protests. This was influential in uniting the colonists to work together against the British.
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Circular Letter
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On June 9, 1772, HMS Gaspée, a British revenue boat enforcing unpopular trade regulations, ran aground in shallow water while chasing the American boat Hannah. The ship was attacked, boarded, stripped of valuables, and torched by American patriots.
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Gaspée Affair
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A 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor.
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Boston Tea Party
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A response to Boston Tea Party, four acts passed by Parliament in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troops.
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Intolerable Acts
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This was one of the Coercive Acts, which shut down Boston Harbor until Boston repaid the East India Company for the lost tea.
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Boston Port Act
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One of the Intolerable Act which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor
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Massachusetts Government Act
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Part of the Intolerable Act that stated royal officials of Massachusetts were to be tried in Britain.
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Administration of Justice Act
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Passed in 1774 by the British Parliament, it extended political and legal concessions to the people of Quebec.
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Quebec Act
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Agreed to by delegates from Suffolk county, Massachusetts, and approved by the First Continental Congress on October 8, 1774. Nullified the Coercive Acts, closed royal courts, ordered taxes to be paid to colonial governments instead of the royal government, and prepared local militias.
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Suffolk Resolves
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The meeting in Philadelphia, on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts, to discuss the uncertain and dangerous relations with England, and to approve the Suffolk Resolves.
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First Continental Congress
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Congress created this association which was an agreement to halt all trade with Britain until Parliament repealed the Intolerable acts.
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Non importation
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American silversmith who became a hero after his famous ride to warn of the British advance on Lexington and Concord.
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Paul Revere
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April 18, 1775, Paul Revere, William Dawes, Dr. Samuel Prescott to warn minutemen of approaching British soldiers.
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midnight ride
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This person owned a tanning business and was active in Boston's militia and is best known for his midnight ride with Paul Revere to warn minutemen that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord.
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William Dawes
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April 19, 1775 British vs. Americans exchanged gunfire in Lexington; the fighting spread to nearby Concord; "shot heard around the world"; official start of the American Revolution
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
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The first shot fired of the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord when a group of armed minutemen confronted a British column.
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Shot heard round the world
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Members of the Massachusetts colony militia who could be ready to fight the British in a moments notice.
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minutemen
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First major battle of the Revolutionary War; it actually took place at nearby Breed's Hill, Massachusetts, on June 17, 1775. The colonists showed that they could hold their own against the British.
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Battle of Bunker Hill
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Patriot leader at the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. Said "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"
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William Prescott
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Met in Philadelphia April 1775 to raise money for an army and navy in order to organize the colonies for war. They elected George Washington to command the army.
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The Second Continental Congress
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Who was appointed to be the Commander of the Continental Army
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George Washington
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Sent by the Second Continental Congress in 1775 asking the king to repeal the Intolerable Acts. Stating its loyalty to the king. The king rejected the peace offering.
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Olive Branch Petition
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George III's dismissal of the Olive Branch Petition which declared the colonies to be in rebellion; later forbade all trade and shipping between the two areas
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Prohibitory Act 1775
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Germans hired by Britain to fight against the colonists.
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German Mercenaries
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Royal governor of Virginia who issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British army
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Lord Dunmore
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Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man
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Thomas Paine
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A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
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Common Sense
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The member of Congress that proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American colonies
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Richard Henry Lee
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The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared independence for the American colonies.
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Declaration of Independence
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Which patriot leader was the president of the Second Continental Congress and the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence?
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John Hancock
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More money, well trained army, better weapons and supplies, had a Navy
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British advantages
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Fighting on home ground, good decisions by Generals , fighting for their rights and freedoms,French alliance.
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American advantages
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American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence
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loyalists
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Another name for Loyalists
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torries
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A person who supported the colonists during the American Revolution
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Patriot
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Washington's troops were outnumbered, lacked training, and had poor equipment...Britan had more troops. Americans Retreated to New Jersey with heavy losses
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Battle of New York
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Washington lead his men across the Delaware River in the middle of the night. Surprised the Trenton garrison, and it lead to the Battle of Princeton
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Washington Crossing the Delaware
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Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
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Battle of Saratoga
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Colonial General that defeated General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga. This was the turning point of the war.
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Horatio Gates
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British general who surrendered at Saratoga
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General Burgoyne
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Place in Pennsylvania where George Washington and his Continental Army spent the winter of 1777 and 1778. It allowed for Washington to regroup and retrain his army.
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Valley Forge
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Feb 6. 1778 with France; France recognized the US and offered trade concession, including important privileges to American shipping
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Treaty of Amity and Commerce
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In the event France and England went to war French agreed to refuse truce or peace until independence of the US shall be assured by treaty or treaties that terminate the war. (1778)
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Treaty of Alliance
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A major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. He emerged from the war with a reputation as George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer.
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Nathanael Greene
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What was the nickname of Francis Marion, a colonial military officer, who led a successful guerilla war in the Carolinas against British troops during the American Revolution?
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Swamp Fox
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A colonial soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British, famous quote:, "I only regret that i have but one life to lose for my country"
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Nathan Hale
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American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.
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Benedict Arnold
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Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
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Battle of Yorktown
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Commander of the British forces in the American Revolutionary War; surrendered to the colonists at Yorktown
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Charles Cornwallis
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Treaty signed in 1783 that officially ended the American Revolution. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent country.
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Treaty of Paris
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American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight."
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John Paul Jones
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Who was the Vermont blacksmith that led the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga? He captured the Fort, and took control of a valuable supply of cannons and gun powder, also took control of a key route into Canada.
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Ethan Allen
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