Unit 5 Practice Test – Flashcards
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Which of the following was a new Western motive for overseas territorial expansion in the industrial era? Select one: a. Missionary drive to convert non-Western peoples to Christianity b. Seizure of land to be put to use raising cash crops c. Drive to dominate sources of precious minerals and metals d. Need for raw materials for factory production e. Access to new markets for sale of Western manufactured goods
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Need for raw materials for factory production
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How did the Dutch gain control of Java? Select one: a. Massive emigration from the Netherlands to Indonesia gave the Dutch a demographic advantage. b. Rapid industrialization and urbanization allowed for management of the majority of the population at work and at home. c. Shrewd exploitation of existing political divisions on the land resulted in territorial concessions. d. Supremacy in military technology resulted in direct rule after an initial period of warfare. e. Crucial help from the Chinese navy broke the back of the indigenous Javanese rulers.
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Shrews exploitation of existing political divsions on teh land resulted in territorial concessions
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Which rival European power did the British defeat in the eighteenth century in its drive to control the Indian subcontinent? Select one: a. Netherlands b. France c. Italy d. Spain e. Portugal
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France
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Which of the following was NOT a reason India had become Britain's most important colony by about 1,800? Select one: a. India offered crucial port facilities for the British navy. b. India was a major outlet for British manufactured goods. c. India was an important supplier of British raw materials d. India was an important location for British textile factories e. Britain had lost the North American colonies
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India was an important for British textile factories
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During the era of British colonialism in India, why were the British content, in general, to leave Indian social hierarchies intact? Select one: a. Over time, exposure to Hindu doctrine on caste won British elites over. b. British officials were able to, in essence, graft themselves onto an existing social pyramid at its apex while incurring a minimum of social disruption. c. British notions of proper gender roles, such as a wife's duty to commit sati were the same as Indian ones. d. Superior Mughal political and military authority prevented British interference in Indian social relations. e. Commonplace social mobility between the caste stratifications prevalent in the subcontinent British impressed colonial administrators.
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British officials were able to, in essence, graft themselves onto an existing social pyramid at its ape while incurring a minimum of social distruption
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In which area did British and Dutch colonialists in South Asia and Indonesia assimilate the fewest indigenous practices? Select one: a. Religion b. Dress c. Food d. Housing e. Work Habits
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Religion
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By what method did Western imperialists work to gain a dependable corps of local managers to aid in the administration of their colonies? I. Kidnapping of managers' family members and holding them for ransom. II. Conversion of local elites to Christianity. III. Education of new generations of colonized youth in Western languages and cultural practices. Select one: a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. II only e. III only
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II and III
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Which event highlighted widespread corruption and mismanagement among British East India Company administrators? Select one: a. Robert Clives victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 b. Chaotic departure of British forces in 1947 c. Decision to fire on unarmed crowds at Amristar in 1918 d. Famine in Bengal in the 1770s e. Rowlatt Act of 1918
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Famine in Bengal
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Which reform was mot emblematic of growing British interest in transforming Indian social relations in the 19th century? Select one: a. Dismantling of the caste system b. Prohibition of sati c. Expansion of education for girls d. Building interest in the sport of cricket e. Construction of trade schools to train a new Indian industrial working class
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Prohibition of sati
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Which answer choice contains the major rivals to British industrial and imperial supremacy that emerged in the second half of the 19th century? Select one: a. China, Belgium, Germany, United States b. United States, Brazil, France, Germany c. China, Brazil, Germany, Belgium d. United States, Belgium, France, Germany e. France, Germany, Brazil, Belgium
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United States, Belgium, France, Germany
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Which of the following factors best describes international relations among the Western powers in the decades leading up to 1914? I. Rivalry involving colonial spoils, arms races, and alliance formation II. Major direct military clashes in colonial portions of the globe III. Mutual disinterest in territorial and military advances Select one: a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I only e. II only
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I only
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Which answer choice contains regions that were nominally independent but nonetheless endured significant Western informal political and economic influence by 1914? Select one: a. West Africa, South Asia, China, Latin America b. China, Persia, the Middle East, Latin America c. Persia, West Africa, South Asia, Latin America d. South Asia, the Middle East, China, Latin America e. West Africa, Persia, the Middle East, Latin America
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China, Perisa, the Middle East, Latin America
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Which of the following does NOT belong in a list of contested settler colonies? Select one: a. Algeria b. India c. South Africa d. Kenya e. Hawaii
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India
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Which of the following is generally true of indigenous individuals promoted to assist Western imperialism in their rule of the colony? Select one: a. When possible, Christians were chosen. b. They tended to be from minority ethnic groups. c. They were given limited Western education and technical training. d. They were barred from the very top supervisory ranks. e. All of the above
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All of the above
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Which of the following best characterizes the difference between educational systems set up by imperialists in Africa and India? Select one: a. African colonies contained comparatively more schools administered by colonial governments than India. b. African schools tended to be set up by Christian missionaries while Indian ones were set up by the colonial state. c. Indian education mainly consisted of trade schools for training industrial workers, while African schools did not. d. African education mainly consisted of trade schools for training industrial workers, while Indian schools did not. e. White supremacist notions dissuaded imperialists from setting up education in either colony.
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African schools tended to be set up by Christian missionaries while Indian ones were set up by the colonial state
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Which sector of the colonized economy had experienced the least expansion by 1914? Select one: a. Transport b. Mining c. Export crop cultivation d. Heavy industrial capacity e. Raw material extraction
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Heavy industrial capacity
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The purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1885 was Select one: a. For representatives of Western industry to learn cutting edge German industrial techniques b. For representatives of colonized peoples to learn cutting edge German industrial techniques c. To set quotas and agreements surrounding the growth of the German navy d. To negotiate settlements among Western rivalries over the partition of Africa e. To study the ideas of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche
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To negitiate settlements among Western rivalries over the partition of Africa
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The India Congress Party's early membership consisted heavily of middle class individuals, including M.K. Gandhi, trained in which profession? Select one: a. Journalism b. Engineering c. Law d. Policing e. Civil Administration
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Law
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Which choice lays out the correct order in which the Industrial Revolution began and spread? Select one: a. Great Britain, United States, continental Europe b. Continental Europe, United States, Great Britain c. United States, continental Europe, Great Britain d. Great Britain, continental Europe, United States e. Continental Europe, Great Britain, United States
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Great Britain, Continental Europe, United States
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Which of the following ran counter to the democratic impulses associated with the American Revolution? Select one: a. Rejection of aristocratic notions of hierarchy in the thirteen colonies b. Continued centrality of slavery to the colonial socioeconomic order c. New England's tradition of town meetings d. Virginia's practice of election of a House of Burgesses e. Demands for representation in British Parliament
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Continued centrality of slavery to the colonial socioeconomic order
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Which list places key events of the French Revolution in proper chronological order? Select one: a. Formation of National Assembly, Reign of Terror, Directory, rule of Napoleon b. Reign of Terror, rule of Napoleon, formation of National Assembly, Directory c. Directory, rule of Napoleon, formation of National Assembly, Reign of Terror d. Formation of National Assembly, Reign of Terror, rule of Napoleon, Directory e. Rule of Napoleon, Directory, Reign of Terror, Formation of National Assembly
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Formation of National Assembly, Reign of Terror, Directory, rule of Napoleon
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Which of the following documents spells out Enlightenment ideas as they were applied to revolutionary France? Select one: a. The Declaration of Independence b. Second Treatise of Government c. The Social Contract d. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen e. Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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Which group emerged at the peak of the French social status as a result of the French Revolution? Select one: a. urban proletariat and artisans b. aristocracy c. clergy d. bourgeoisie e. peasantry
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Bourgeoisie
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Which statement best characterizes the response of ruling elites in neighboring Western powers to the toppling of the French monarchy? I. Indifference II. Military intervention III. Imitation Select one: a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III
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II only
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Historians estimate the numbers of victims in the Reign of Terror in roughly what figures? Select one: a. hundreds b. thousands c. tens of thousands d. hundreds of thousands e. millions
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tens of thousands
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Which traditions of the French Revolution did not survive long beyond the initial and radical phases? Select one: a. equality under the law b. attack on feudal privilege and institutions c. popular nationalism d. the metric system e. women's leading role in toppling established political powers
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women's leading role in toppling established political powers
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Which nineteenth century political ideology stressed principles of laissez-faire and constitutional rule? Select one: a. conservative b. liberal c. fascist d. anarchist e. socialist
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liberal
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Which answer choice includes the major political groupings in the 19th century? Select one: a. conservative, liberal, radical b. liberal, radical, Fascist c. Fascist, conservative, radical d. radical, Fascist, anarchist e. liberal, Fascist, conservative
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conservative, liberal, radical
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Which of the following Western societies escaped internal disturbances during the Revolutions of 1848? Select one: a. Germany b. Austria c. Hungary d. Russia e. France
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Russia
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Which of the Western societies expanded democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century but did not experience the mass upheavals of 1848? I. Great Britain II. France III. United States Select one: a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II, and III e. III only
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I and III
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Which of the following was NOT an influential political force in Europe by the late 19th century? Select one: a. feminism b. social democracy c. socialism d. anarchism e. absolute monarchy
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absolute monarchy
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Which of the following does NOT belong in a list of new responsibilities Western governments gained in the 19th century? Select one: a. public education b. workplace safety regulation c. child labor regulation d. minimum wage regulation e. mass conscription
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minium wage regulation
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Who does NOT belong in a list of 19th and early 20th century rationalist thinkers? Select one: a. Karl Marx b. Albert Einstein c. Sigmund Freud d. Charles Darwin e. John Locke
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John Locke
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Among Western settler societies, which had emerged as the leading industrial power by 1914? Select one: a. Canada b. New Zealand c. Australia d. The United States e. Mexico
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The United States
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Which of the following did most to set the United States apart as unique within Western civilizations in the 19th century? Select one: a. persistence of racialized slavery b. levels of urbanization c. industrial development d. territorial size e. federal political system
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persistence of racialized slavery
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The rise of which industrial power in the decades leading to 1914 upset the established diplomatic and economic order among Western powers that had existed throughout much of the 19th century? Select one: a. France b. Great Britain c. Germany d. Sweden e. Switzerland
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Germany
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Which answer choice best captures the changes historians associate with what is termed the "Second Industrial Revolution"? Select one: a. Industrialization outside of England b. Shift to nuclear power in the West after World War II c. Central role of heavy industry and electrical power d. Rapid urbanization associated with factory production e. move to an "information economy" after the rise of the personal computer
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Central role of heavy industry and electrical power
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Upon which demand would radicals and liberals have most likely agreed? Select one: a. worker control of industry b. minimum wage laws c. expansion of voting rights d. graduated income tax e. return of monarchy
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expansion of voting rights
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Which of the following causes did the American and French Revolutions share? I. Frustration over high levels of taxation II. Resentment at exclusion from governmental decision making III. Anger sparked by feudal exploitation of the peasantry Select one: a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I only e. II only
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I and II
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Which of the following is a consequence and not a precondition of industrial development? Select one: a. capital accumulation b. abundant labor supply c. organized labor union movement d. technical know how e. access to raw materials
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organized labor union movement
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Which thinker is most closely associated with formulating the theories of "Social Darwinism"? Select one: a. Karl Marx b. Jean Jacques Rousseau c. Thomas Hobbes d. Herbert Spencer e. Charles Darwin
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Herbert Spencer
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Which group of formerly colonized nations gained political independence from Western colonialism in the 19th century? Select one: a. Ghana, Mexico, India b. Argentina, Mexico, Brazil c. India, Mexico, Brazil d. Brazil, India, Ghana e. Argentina, Mexico, Ghana
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Argentina, Mexico, Brazil
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Which situation did formally independent Latin American nations have in common with colonized portions of Africa and Asia in the 19th century? Select one: a. rapidly expanding social, economic, and political possibilities for the majority of women b. a dependent position in the world economy due to the rise of Western industrial capitalism c. declining importance of race and ethnicity in defining social status d. supplantation of agriculture by industry as the main occupation of the laboring population e. depopulation due to exposure to new diseases brought by Western colonists
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a dependent position in the world economy due to the ruse of Western industrial capitalism
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Which of the following concerns made Creole elites, who yearned for independence from Spain, what we might call "cautious revolutionaries"? Select one: a. fear that Spanish monarchs were more capable rulers b. fear that continued rapid industrialization would create urban instability c. a growing communist threat inspired by the example of the Bolshevik Revolution in the Soviet Union d. fear that slaves and other oppressed groups would target local elites as part of a general social upheaval e. fear that women would reject subordination in the private and public spheres if independence were achieved
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fear that slaves and other opporessed gropus would target local elites as a part of a gneral social upheaval
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After the United States, which was the next New World colony to gain independence from European power? Select one: a. Mexico b. Argentina c. Brazil d. Haiti e. Cuba
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Haiti
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Which event in Europe contributed most directly to the wave of independence struggle in early 19th century Latin America? Select one: a. publication of the Gutenberg Bible b. the Reconquista c. Napoleon's invasion of Spain d. Fascist aerial bombardment of Guernica e. onset of World War I
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Napoleon's invasion of Spain
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Why was the struggle for Brazilian independence distinctive in Latin American history? Select one: a. Brazil was the only colony whose economy was dependent on cash crops b. Brazil remained a monarchy c. Brazil abolished slavery before independence was achieved d. Brazil was the first colony to achieve independence e. Brazil was the only ethnically diverse colony where racial hierarchy did not exist before or after independence
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Brazil remained a monarchy
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Which social practices of the early United States were replicated in newly independent Spanish Latin America? Select one: a. slavery was maintained b. women remained subordinate to men c. property restrictions were placed on voting d. established colonial elites moved to the top ranks of political power e. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which is the best reason why rail networks were underdeveloped in Spanish Latin America at the time independence was achieved? Select one: a. colonial era Latin American mining was not profitable enough to warrant rail investment b. no cash crops were produced for export c. rail technology was relatively new and limited to small areas of Britain, Western Europe, and the United States at the time d. Latin American mountains and rivers made rail construction impossible e. rail technology had yet to be invented
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rail technology was realtivey new and limited to small areas of Britain, Western Europe, and the United States
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What impact did the instability of the wars for independence have on subsequent developments in Latin America? Select one: a. Agricultural regions devastated by modern warfare were slow to recover, leading to widespread famine. b. Female veterans of military service refused subordinate roles in the home. c. Military leaders remained influential and intervened frequently in political affairs. d. Mestizo, slave and indigenous populations formed guerilla units and launched armed struggle for communism. e. The grip of the Catholic church was weakened and various strains of Protestantism became the dominant form of Christianity
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Military leades remained influential and intervened frequently in political affairs
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Which set of opposing political groupings would be most likely to disagree chiefly over the power of local versus national government? Select one: a. Fascist and Communist b. Democrat and Republican c. Anarchist and Liberal d. Centralist and Federalist e. Liberal and Conservative
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Centralists and Federalists
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What was the main commonality Liberal and Conservative politicians shared in 19th century Latin America? Select one: a. They agreed that the Catholic church had too much power. b. Both were led by wealthy landowners and the urban middle to upper classes. c. They agreed on the immediate abolition of slavery and repatriation to Africa. d. Both looked with admiration on the example of independent Haiti, e. Both were influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx.
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Both were led by wealthy landowners and the urban middle to upper classes
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What best characterized relations between newly independent Latin American nations and British power in the mid-19th century? Select one: a. mutual indifference b. British indifference to Latin American requests for alliance c. British naval assistance in defense of Latin American consumer markets and raw materials d. Latin American trade protectionism in the face of British exports to stimulate local industrial development e. unified diplomatic and military action centered around suppression of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
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British naval assistance in defense of Latin America consumer markets and raw matierals
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Which area of Latin American economy was most damaged by free trade relations with the British? Select one: a. rail b. port city c. manufacturing d. ranching e. agricultural
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manufactering
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Which does NOT belong in a list of the most important Latin American exports to the industrial West in the second half of the 19th century? Select one: a. beef b. coffee c. grains d. guano e. gold
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gold
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War with which Western power reduced Mexico's territory by about half? Select one: a. The United States b. France c. Spain d. Portugal e. Germany
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United States
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Which choice best characterizes the top priorities of the liberal regime of Mexican leader Benito Juarez? Select one: a. constitutional rule with reduced privileges for church and military elites b. land reform to satisfy the needs of an impoverished peasantry c. maintenance of privileges for church and military elites d. rapid industrialization by way of a planned economic system e. military action to regain territory recently lost in the Mexican-American War
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constitutional rule with reduced privileges for church and military elites
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Which independent Latin American nation saw defeat of the last unassimilated indigenous group willing to take up armed struggle to defend its autonomy? Select one: a. Argentina b. Mexico c. Cuba d. Venezuela e. Colombia
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Argentina
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Which Latin American nation attracted the greatest number of European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Select one: a. Colombia b. Peru c. Venezuela d. Mexico e. Argentina
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Argentina
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Which best characterizes the rule and impact of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico? Select one: a. sacrifice of liberal political principles in pursuit of industrial and infrastructure modernization b. peasant based populist mandate achieving comprehensive land reform c. puppet ruler manipulated by German imperialism bringing little to no economic development d. conservative ruler who returned large landowners and Catholic elites to power e. Communist revolutionary implementing a series of Five-Year Plans for agriculture and industry
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sacrifice of liberal political principles in pursuit of industrial and infrastructure modernization
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Where did US influence expand most greatly as a result of the Spanish-American War? Select one: a. Mexico b. Cuba c. Puerto Rico d. A and B e. B and C
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B and C
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Which Latin American nation lost Panama to a US backed revolution after it refused to bend to US demands in the construction of a canal there? Select one: a. Venezuela b. Guatemala c. Honduras d. Colombia e. Mexico
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Colombia
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In which Latin American nation did indigenous people play the most prominent role during and after the winning of independence? Select one: a. Argentina b. Colombia c. Brazil d. Mexico e. Cuba
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Mexico
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Which statement best characterized Ottoman and Qing Chinese relations with the West by about 1750? Select one: a. Both empires were in full military retreat and subject to carrying out Western economic demands. b. Both empires were successfully carrying out policies of isolation from the West. c. Qing China was able to strongly regulate relations with the West while Ottoman rulers were less able to repel Western incursions into their territorial waters. d. Qing China pursued a policy of imitation of Western industrial and mercantile practices while Ottoman rulers refused to do so. e. Both empires had launched effective counterattacks culminating with occupation of key Western urban centers.
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Qing China was able to strongly regulate relations with the West while Ottoman rulers were less able to repel Western incursions into their territorial waters
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A long period of Ottoman territorial retreat ended with the birth of which modern nation? Select one: a. Iran b. Pakistan c. Turkey d. Egypt e. Serbia
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Turkey
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Initial expansion of Western-style university systems, communication methods, railways, and newspaper production and the promulgation of a European style constitution are associated with which period in the history of the Ottoman Empire? Select one: a. World War I era b. Era of Suleyman the Magnificent c. Great Depression era d. Tanzimat reform era e. Crusades era
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Tanzimat reform era
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The 19th century Egyptian political leader Muhammad Ali is best known for Select one: a. revitalization of Islamic fundamentalism in the Ottoman world b. defeat of the British navy to prevent Greek independence c. determined but ultimately unsuccessful efforts to modernize Egypt's economy along Western lines d. breaking Egyptian dependence on cotton exports in trade relations e. defeating Napoleon's invasion of Egypt
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determined but ultimately unseccessful efforts to modernize Egypt's economy along Western lines
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Which of the following made Egypt an attractive target for Western imperialist expansion in the late 19th century? Select one: a. gold deposits b. control of Nile River trade c. lucrative tourism prospects d. construction and control of the Suez Canal e. fertile land of the Nile River delta
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constructoin and control of the Suez Canal
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Which of the following does not belong in a list of policies generally followed by a rising Chinese dynasty? Select one: a. repair and expansion of dams, canals and roads b. lowering tax burdens for the peasantry c. expanding opportunities for peasants to own land d. strengthening of civil service examination systems e. concentration of land ownership into ever fewer hands
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concentration of land ownership into even fewer hands
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Which of the following best describes China's trade relations with the rest of the world by about 1750? Select one: a. export of Chinese manufactured and luxury goods in exchange for Western manufactured and luxury goods b. export of Chinese manufactured and luxury goods in exchange for silver c. import of Western manufactured and luxury goods in exchange for silver d. negligible levels of trade with the rest of the world since China produced all it needed e. Mercantilist expansion colonizing the Philippines, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia
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export of Chinese manufactured and luxury goods in exchange for silver
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Which of the following does NOT belong in a list of 19th century challenges to the rule of the Qing dynasty in China? Select one: a. floods b. peasant rebellion c. foreign invasion d. corruption in the bureaucracy e. expanding influence of communism in China
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expanding influence of communism in China
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Which statement best captures the ruling Qing dynasty's attitude toward the West particularly in the period before the Opium Wars? Select one: a. Western civilization possessed military and industrial practices worthy of emulation b. Western civilization posed a mortal threat to Chinese civilization c. Western civilization was just another barbarian foreign society d. Western civilization possessed artistic and intellectual practices worthy of emulation e. Western civilization allowed for gender roles worthy of emulation
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Western civilizations was jst another barbarian foreing society
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Which of the following best explains the reason the British turned to trading opium in China? Select one: a. Firsthand experience supplying mass opium addiction in the 13 colonies proved the profitability of the trade. b. British merchants could find no other commodity the Chinese needed. c. Successful expansion of the opium trade in India provided a model for replication d. Imperialist designs for direct rule in China would be more easily attainable over a population pacified by narcotics. e. British monarchs wanted to share the benefits of widespread medical and recreational use of opium they had experienced in British society with the Chinese.
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British merchants could find no other commodity the Chinese needed
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Land redistribution, reforms to simplify Chinese writing, equality for women, and armed struggle were major features of which pair of Chinese movements? Select one: a. Taiping Rebellion, Communist b. May Fourth Movement, Taiping Rebellion c. Nationalist, Taiping Rebellion d. May Fourth Movement, Communist e. Nationalist, Boxer Rebellion
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Taiping Rebellion, Communist
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Which does NOT belong in a group of nations that had achieved territorial concession in China by 1914? Select one: a. Japan b. Germany c. Britain d. France e. Italy
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Italy
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Which of the following does NOT belong in a list of Chinese movements resentful of foreign domination? Select one: a. Boxer Rebellion b. May Fourth Movement c. Tanzimat Reform Movement d. Chinese Communist Movement e. Kuomintang (Nationalist) Movement
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Tanzimat Reform Movement
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Which of the following is NOT a reason Chinese civilization suffered a more total collapse in the fact of Western pressure than Muslim civilization had by 1914? Select one: a. Muslims had faced conflict with the West since the birth of their religion and hence were more accustomed to it, while the shock of Western interference was more abrupt for the Chinese. b. Muslims were not bound to defend a single state, while the Chinese destiny was linked to the survival of the Qing dynasty. c. Muslim civilization was concentrated in a more densely populated and urbanized manner and better suited to coastal or naval defense than the more rural and inland Chinese population. d. Muslim rulers were somewhat accustomed to exchange of knowledge with the West while the Chinese elites tended to view outsiders as barbarians one and all. e. Disparate Muslim peoples could unite around their faith while the Chinese lacked a similar homegrown universal religious tradition.
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Muslim civilization was concentrated in a more densely populated and urbanized manner and better suited to coastal or naval defense than the more rural and inland Chinese population.
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Which Chinese imperial bureaucrat wrote a famous letter to Queen Victoria demanding a cessation of British shipment of opium into China? Select one: a. Lin Zexu b. Qianlong c. Sun Yat-sen d. Pu Yi e. Hong Xiuquan
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Lin Zexu
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How were Qing dynasty era ethnic Chinese men forced to show respect for their Manchu rulers? Select one: a. All Chinese males removed themselves from posts in the civil service bureaucracy to make way for Manchu officials. b. Each Chinese male had to carry out a self-financed pilgrimage to the Forbidden City to pay homage to the emperor. c. Each male sent his first daughter through a selection process for the imperial concubines. d. Chinese males were forced to wear the distinctive queue hairstyle. e. Chinese males were forced to abandon agriculture and work in Manchu factories.
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Chinese males were forced to wear the distincitve queie hairstyle
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Which traditional element of dynastic decline faced by the Qing dynasty in the late 19th century was most different from earlier instances of the same phenomenon? Select one: a. peasant rebellion b. natural disaster c. foreign invasion d. political decentralization e. imperial corruption and decadence
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foreign invasion
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Which challenge to Manchu rule is least attributable to changes brought about by the emergence of the West as a global power and trade intermediary? Select one: a. increased opium addiction b. Japanese aggression c. Yellow River floods of unprecedented devastation d. massive population growth e. silver inflation
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Yellow River floods of unprecedented devasation
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Which pair of regional powers was able, by 1914 to initiate substantial industrialization and resist Western domination? Select one: a. Ottoman Empire and South Africa b. Russia and Japan c. South Africa and Russia d. Ottoman Empire and Japan e. Argentina and Ottoman Empire
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Russia and Japan
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Which common trait helps to explain Russian and Japanese ability to modernize in the 19th century? Select one: a. extensive experience with cultural imitation, Russia imitating Byzantium and the West, Japan imitating China b. prior adoption and variation of Christian teachings, providing a basis for Westernization. c. royal appreciation of the democratic tradition d. presence of abundant natural resources, particularly coal and iron ore deposits, within traditional territorial confines e. preexisting traditions of widespread public education and literacy
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extensive experience with cultural imitation, Russia imitating Byzantium and the West, Japan imitating China
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All of the following statements are reasons monarchy survived so much longer in Russia than it did anywhere else in the world EXCEPT Select one: a. the defeat of Napoleon in 1812 seemed to indicate a royal power could beat a modern one b. serfdom continued to provide a stable labor system c. Czarist autocracy insulated Russia from the uprisings of 1830 and 1848 in much of Europe d. Czars were able to mobilize enough industrial development to remain a world power e. the Romanov dynasty imitated the stable British model of constitutional monarchy
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the Romanov dynasty imitated the stable British model of constitutional monarchy
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Which of the following decisions by Russian czars was motivated by a long held desire for a warm water port and access to the trade of the Mediterranean Sea? Select one: a. construction of the trans-Siberian railway b. launching the Crimean War c. construction of St. Petersburg d. launching the Russo-Japanese War e. annexation of Poland
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launching the Crimean War
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Which of the following choices contains an accurate list of 19th century reforms carried out by Russian czars? Select one: a. collectivization of agriculture, emancipation of serfs, establishment of zemstvos b. construction of the trans-Siberian railway, construction of St. Petersburg, establishment of zemstvos c. establishment of zemstvos, construction of the trans-Siberian railway, emancipation of serfs d. emancipation of serfs, collectivization of agriculture, construction of the trans-Siberian railway e. collectivization of agriculture, establishment of zemstvos, construction of the trans-Siberian railway
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Establishment of zemstvos, construction of the trans-Siberian railway, emancipation of serfs
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Which of the following was experienced by Russia and not Japan by 1914? Select one: a. mass revolutionary upheaval b. rapid urbanization c. state-directed industrial development d. expansion of educational opportunity e. war for territorial acquisition
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Mass revolutionary upheaval
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Which of the following was the main reform put in place as a result of the 1905 Revolution in Russia? Select one: a. unions were legalized b. freedom of the press was established c. a national representative assembly, the Duma , was created d. Czarism was abandoned in favor of representative democracy e. agriculture was collectivized
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A national representative assembly, the Duma, was created
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In the decades leading to 1914, how were the Japanese imperial designs for Asia and Russian imperial designs in Eastern Europe similar? Select one: a. Each posed itself as the natural leader of a broader and ethnically similar mass of people. b. Both aimed at access to raw materials and/or consumer markets. c. Each had annexed adjacent territory and made it a formal colony. d. A and B e. A and C
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A and B
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How was the opening of Japan to the West different from other encounters between major civilizations and the West around the world in the period from 1750-1914? Select one: a. French imperialists who dominated Japan refused to confer citizenry on the Japanese as they had done in Africa. b. Japanese ruling elites remained in continuous control of the pace and terms of relations with the West. c. Japan was the only major civilization whose first contact with the West was with the United States. d. Japanese military power was able to thwart Western intervention. e. Exposure of the Japanese to Christianity created a minority community that assisted in direct colonial rule by the British.
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Japan was the only major civilization whose first contact with the West was the the United States
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What was the role of the Meiji Restoration in Japanese history? Select one: a. strengthening of the Tokugawa Shogunate b. expansion of Chinese influence in Japanese history c. reversal of traditional Japanese gender norms d. launching of Japan on a course of modernization and westernization e. reconstruction of Japan after the devastation of the Second World War
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Launching of Japan on a course of modernization and westernization
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Which of the following best describes the political system set up in Japan during the Meiji Restoration? Select one: a. proletarian dictatorship b. democratic republic c. constitutional monarchy d. feudal state e. absolute monarchy
answer
Constitutional monarchy
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How did industrial development in Japan and Russia tend to differ from similar processes in Western Europe and the United States? Select one: a. Industrial development was not applied to military purposes. b. Industrial development did not spur territorial expansion. c. Industrial development tended to be more state directed. d. Industrial development was more dependent on immigrant labor. e. Industrial development led to the rise of an organized labor movement and unions were legalized.
answer
Industrial development tended to be more state directed
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In which area did westernization of Japan have the least impact? Select one: a. politics b. religion c. economy d. fashion e. science
answer
Relgion
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Why was the Russo-Japanese War a significant turning point in world history? Select one: a. It was the first conflict decided by battle at sea. b. It was the first conflict where mass produced weaponry was employed. c. The rifled musket was used for the first time. d. Iron-hulled ships were used for the first time. e. A non-Western power defeated a European power in battle.
answer
A non-Western power defeated a European power in battle
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Which of the following nations pursued a course of overseas territorial expansion only after beginning the process of industrialization? Select one: a. Netherlands b. Great Britain c. Spain d. Japan e. France
answer
Japan
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Which of the following regions incorporated Western ideas in the 19th century but did not manage to achieve political independence from the West? Select one: a. Russia b. Japan c. Mexico d. India e. Brazil
answer
India
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Which best describes the initial method of British rule over its Indian colony? I. Popular representative assemblies were established to include the Indian population in decision making. II. Direct rule by Queen Elizabeth was established. III. East India Trading Company officials set up favorable relations for the British with local ruling elites. Select one: a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. II only e. III only
answer
III only
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Which inventor is most closely associated with the invention of the steam engine? Select one: a. Thomas Edison b. George Washington Carver c. Eli Whitney d. James Watt e. George Stephenson
answer
James Watt
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All of the following were important figures in Latin American independence movements EXCEPT Select one: a. Augustin Iturbide b. Miguel de Hidalgo c. Simon Bolivar d. Jose de San Martin e. Emilio Zapata
answer
Emilio Zapata
