Unit 10 – Organic Chemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
addition reaction
answer
a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another
question
alcohol
answer
any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation
question
aldehyde
answer
any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds
question
alicyclic
answer
an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon such as a cycloalkane or cycloalkene
question
aliphatic
answer
having carbon atoms linked in open chains
question
alkadiene
answer
An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two pairs of carbon atoms possess double bonds.
question
alkane
answer
a non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH(2n+2)
question
alkene
answer
any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
question
alkyl group
answer
any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons
question
alkyne
answer
a colorless flammable gas used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis
question
aromatic
answer
(chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings
question
branched-chain
answer
this consists of a parent chain and a substituent
question
carbohydrate
answer
an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
question
enzyme
answer
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
question
ester
answer
formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water
question
esterfication
answer
The formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, and the elimination of a molecule of water, in the presence of an acid catalyst..
question
ether
answer
a colorless volatile highly inflammable liquid formerly used as an inhalation anesthetic
question
fatty acid
answer
any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis
question
fermentation
answer
a chemical phenomenon in which an organic molecule splits into simpler substances
question
fractional distillation
answer
fractionation of a liquid by distillation
question
functional group
answer
group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
question
homologous series
answer
Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂
question
hydrocarbon
answer
an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
question
increment
answer
the amount by which something increases
question
isomer
answer
a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight
question
IUPAC system
answer
An organisation known as International union of pure and applied chemistry that determines the system for naming organic compounds.
question
ketone
answer
any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals
question
monohydroxy alcohol
answer
An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group.
question
normal alkane
answer
any alkane in which all the caron atoms are algiend in a continuous chain
question
olefin
answer
any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
question
open-chain
answer
Exercise is when the distal end of the moving segment moves freely
question
organic chemistry
answer
the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially)
question
paraffin series
answer
another name for alkanes
question
polymer
answer
a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers
question
primary alcohol
answer
an alcohol that has one alkyl group bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH
question
saponification
answer
a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
question
saturated compound
answer
An organic compound in which all the carbon atoms are joined by single bonds is called a(n) ________.
question
secondary alcohol
answer
What type of alcohol is produced by the attachment of the hydroxyl group to a carbon atom that is joined directly to two other carbon atoms in the chain?
question
soap
answer
a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats
question
structural formula
answer
an expanded molecular formula showing the arrangement of atoms within the molecule
question
substituent
answer
Any atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
question
substituent
answer
Any atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
question
substitution reaction
answer
one atom or a group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom of group of atoms
question
tertiary alcohol
answer
an alcohol that has three alkyl groups bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH
question
trihydroxy alcohol
answer
An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups. Example: glycerol.
question
unsaturated compound
answer
An organic compound with at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________.
