question

An institution can be defined as any:

answer

organization or activity that is self-perpetuating and valued for its own sake

question

Politics is defined in the text as the:

answer

struggle in any group for the power to make decisions for the larger group

question

What is inductive reasoning?

answer

the means by which we from studying a case to generating a hypothesis

question

Which of the following could be considered a major challenge faced by political scientists in their use of the comparative method?

answer

the difficulty in controlling variables

question

Which of the following could be an example of selection bias?

answer

studying causes for the emergence of democracy by looking only at case studies where democracy emerged

question

Endogeneity refers to:

answer

the problem of distinguishing cause from effect

question

A major criticism of comparative politics at the turn of the twentieth century was that it:

answer

was descriptive rather than explanatory

question

Which of the following served as a major modern turning point for the study of comparative politics?

answer

the growth of European countries as colonial powers

question

Modernization theory can be defined as the view that:

answer

as societies develop, they will become capitalist democracies

question

The shift in comparative politics away from political institutions (such as legislature and constitutions) and toward individual political behavior is known as:

answer

behavioral revolution

question

One big rift within the study of comparative politics is:

answer

quantitative versus qualitative research

question

Which of the following statements about game theory is accurate:

answer

It assumes rational, predictable behavior by individual human beings

question

Recent discussions of the future of comparative politics and political science have called for:

answer

a greater connection to real-world concerns and contribution to the ideals of civic life

question

Which of the following is true of the concept of political institutions?

answer

U.S democracy is an institution in both formal and informal ways

question

A greater focus on individual freedom is most likely to require:

answer

a smaller state

question

A greater focus on collective equality is associated with:

answer

greater government control of private economic assets

question

The substance of politics is inevitably bound up in the struggle between:

answer

individual freedom and collective equality

question

Which of the following forms of research or date would more likely be used by an quantitative research study than a qualitative research study?

answer

economic data

question

In which of the following ways do quantitative research differ from qualitative research?

answer

If favors a wider use of cases not restricted by area specialization

question

In which of the following ways does behavioralism differ from modernization theory?

answer

It was more of a method than a general hypothesis

question

Political scientist, based on the work of Max Weber, define the state as:

answer

an organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory

question

Sovereignty is defined as the ability of:

answer

states to carry out actions or policies within a territory independent of external actors of internal rivals

question

What phenomenon is most responsible for bring the organization of the modern state into adoption by most of the world?

answer

increased international commerce and trade

question

Which of the following can be said about the concept of a regime?

answer

The differences between regimes are most likely to be unwritten and informal, though they can appear in written constitutions

question

Thomas Hobbes believed that people gave up their rights to the coercive power of the state in order to:

answer

escape anarchy

question

Government can be defined as:

answer

the leadership that runs the state

question

The shorthand term for the combination of regime, state and government is:

answer

country

question

In which of the following ways does a government built primarily on charismatic legitimacy differ from on based on traditional legitimacy?

answer

Charismatic legitimacy would likely be much more short-lived

question

Which of the following can be said about the relationships among states, regimes, and governments?

answer

States are more institutional than governments

question

Asymmetric federalism refers to a system in which power is divided unevenly between:

answer

regional bodies

question

Recent research suggest that the rise of political organizations came about in large part because:

answer

pre-state societies were extremely violent

question

The emergence of the modern state is closely tied to which of the following specific developments?

answer

the collapse of the Roman Empire

question

Which of the following is most likely a reason for the emergence of the modern state in Europe rather than in another region

answer

the widespread collapse of law and civilization and the rise of a form of organized crime

question

The development of the modern state in Europe was partly encouraged by:

answer

linguistic and ethnic fragmentations

question

An institution that is recognized and accepted as right and proper by the public is seen as:

answer

legitimate

question

Which of the following list Max Weber's three forms of political legitimacy?

answer

traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal

question

Modern states are built primarily on what for of legitimacy?

answer

rational-legal

question

The text suggests that the difficulty of amending the U.S. constitution is evidence of the power of:

answer

traditional legitimacy

question

Which of the following characteristics is more likely to be seen in a unitary state than in a federalist state?

answer

limited local policymaking

question

Capacity can be defined as the:

answer

ability of the state to wield power in order to carry out the basic tasks of providing security and reconciling freedom and equality

question

Devolution is a process by which states:

answer

move power from the central state to local levels

question

Autonomy can be defined as the ability of a state to:

answer

wield power independent of the public or international actors

question

Which of the following best characterizes the nature of the conflict of recent years in Afghanistan?

answer

Ethnic

question

Why might the term patriotic fail to characterize the Palestinian people?

answer

Patriotism refers to pride in one's state, Palestinians lack a forma state

question

Ethnic identity can be defined as:

answer

a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture

question

Which of the following concepts is held in common by both communist ideology and liberal and social democratic ideology but is lacking in fascist ideology?

answer

a belief in the potential of individuals

question

Ascription occurs when:

answer

a particular quality or characteristic is assigned at birth

question

Which of the following statements about fundamentalism is accurate?

answer

Fundamentalists seek to solve the problems of the modern world

question

Which of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate?

answer

Ethnic solidarity can lessen willingness to share resources with groups that are ethnically different

question

An institution that binds people together through common political aspirations is:

answer

national identity

question

In Ronald Inglehart's conception of political culture, what form of society stands in opposition to a traditional society?

answer

secular-rational

question

Which of the following is one of the two most important components of national identity?

answer

self-government

question

National Identity is:

answer

often derived from ethnic identity

question

Citizenship is best defined as:

answer

an individual's or a group's relation to the state

question

Political culture can be defined as:

answer

a society's norms for political activity

question

Which of the following statements about citizenship, national identity, and patriotism is accurate?

answer

Citizenship is likely to be more flexible than ethnic identity

question

Which of the following concepts has the most potential to be inclusive or flexible?

answer

citizenship

question

In which of the following ways do both conservatives and liberals differ from radicals?

answer

They do not see the need for change in the current system

question

A state that encompasses one dominant nation that is claims to embody and represent is known as:

answer

a nation-state

question

Which of the following concepts of phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development?

answer

growing ethnic identity

question

In which of the following ways does national conflict differ from ethnic conflict?

answer

National conflict has an independent state as a core goal; ethnic conflict does not

question

Political attitudes refers to views regarding:

answer

the necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality

question

Radicals are those in the political spectrum who favor:

answer

dramatic change of the existing order

question

Conservatives are those in the political spectrum who favor:

answer

Little or no change to existing institutions

question

Reactionaries are those in the political spectrum who favor:

answer

restoring structures and values that they believe once existed

question

A person following a liberal ideology would likely approve of:

answer

a low degree of state autonomy

question

______ are the most fundamental components of political economy.

answer

Markets and property

question

Markets can best be defined as:

answer

the interactions between the forces of supply and demands

question

In the United States, the government cannot take a citizen's property without just cause and compensation. This is an example of:

answer

a property right

question

Public goods are best defined as:

answer

goods, provided or secured by the state, that are available for society and indivisible

question

Which of the following would be considered a public good in the United States?

answer

highways

question

What is the oldest of the political-economic systems, and what system first rose to challenge it?

answer

mercantilism, first challenged by liberalism

question

In which of the following ways do bother communism and mercantilism differ from liberalism?

answer

They have high state autonomy and capacity

question

The total market value of all good and products produced in a year is known as:

answer

the gross domestic product

question

The _____ is in charge of regulating the supply of money in a country.

answer

central bank

question

Extremely tight control over the money supply may result in ______, a condition that has plagued Japan since 1998.

answer

deflation

question

What is a primary tactic used by central banks to combat inflation?

answer

raising interest rates

question

When governments print more money because they lack revenue, one result may be:

answer

hyperinflation

question

Taxes on imported goods are known as:

answer

tariffs

question

Restrictions that limit the quantities of foreign goods coming into a country are an example of:

answer

quotas

question

Since the major economic downturn of the last decade, on trend in the U.S, Canada, and Japan has been:

answer

a reverse or economic liberalization

question

Liberalism view of the relationship between freedom and equality favors:

answer

freedom over equality

question

Social democracy can be defined as a system that:

answer

attempts to balance freedom and equality

question

Over the past two decades, most countries around the world have:

answer

increased economic liberalization

question

Which of the following statements about neocorporatism is accurate?

answer

Neocorporatism involves a greater role for organized labor in economic policy than in the liberal model

question

Which political-economic system views private property as a form of exploitation?

answer

communism

question

The Gini index is one way that social scientist measure:

answer

the amount of economic inequality in a society

question

Mercantilism is best associated with which of the following policies?

answer

tariff barriers

question

Which political-economic system views the economy as an instrument to serve state power and national sovereignty?

answer

mercantilism

question

Purchasing power parity is a way to measure:

answer

the buying power of income across countries

Unit 1 F16 – Flashcards

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