Understanding Business 10th Edition, Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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Intrinsic Reward
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The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals.
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Extrinsic Reward
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Something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; extrinsic rewards include pay increases, praise, and promotions.
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Scientific Management
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Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching those techniques.
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Time-Motion Studies
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Studies, begun by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task.
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Principle of Motion Economy
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Theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions.
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Hawthorne Effect
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The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs.
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Motivators
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In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction.
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Hygiene Factors
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In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.
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Motivators (List)
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Work itself, Achievement, Recognition, Responsibility, Growth and Development
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Hygiene Factors (List)
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Company Policy, Supervision, Working Conditions, Interpersonal Relationships, Salary, Status and Job Security.
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Theory X
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Management style based on assumptions that the average person dislikes work; must be forced, controlled or threatened; prefers to avoid responsibility, be directed, wants security; and the average person is motivated by fear and money.
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Theory Y
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Management style based on assumptions that the average person likes to work, likes to work towards goals, people seek responsibility, people can use a high degree of creativity to solve problems.
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Theory Z
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Hybrid approach between Theory X and Theory Y.
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Goal-Setting Theory
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The idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.
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(MBO) Management by Objectives
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A system of goal setting and implementation; it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees.
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Expectancy Theory
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Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.
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Reinforcement Theory
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Theory that positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave in certain ways.
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Equity Theory
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The idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions.
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Job Enrichment
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A motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself.
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Job Enlargement
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A job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment.
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Job Rotation
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A job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another.
