question

How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of contact?

answer

Europeans thought freedom was living in the land, but not just taking what you want when you want it

question

What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic?

answer

a. Spanish -God Glory Gold b. English - Land Land Land c. Dutch + French - Faith Freedom Furs d. To get rid of the Islamic middlemen, they wanted to bypass the trade route.

question

What were the chief features of the Spanish empire in America?

answer

a. Missions based, urban civilization, an empire of towns, large scale farms b. Forced their religion on people c. Used violence d. Las Casas - denounced Spain for the killings of innocent people.

question

What were the chief features of Dutch and French empires in America?

answer

a. Freedom Furs Faith, diversity, b. they got along with the Indians c. Weren't concerned about colonizing, just wanted resources

question

What obstacles did the settlers in Chesapeake overcome?

answer

a. Religious, political, and economic tensions b. Imperial wars and conflicts with Indians c. Sickness, high death rate d. More men then women

question

How did Virginia and Maryland develop in their early years?

answer

a. Cheap labor b. Tobacco farming c. Indentured servants d. Virginia= royal colony e. Maryland=haven of Catholics

question

What were the main sources of discord in New England?

answer

a. Discord with Indians - Pequot War b. Government c. Anne Hutchinson - believed in divine revelation d. Roger Williams - didn't like Puritans e. Lots of religious disagreements

question

How did the English Civil War affect the colonies in America?

answer

a. Parliament against king b. The colonies are taking sides c. it illuminated the debate about liberty and freedom

question

How did the English empire in America expand in the mid-seventeenth century?

answer

a. Charles 2 wanted more land(doubled territory) b. Conquered new netherland c. Proprietary colonies i. Pennsylvania ii. Carolinas d. Dutch surrendered New York

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How was slavery established in the Western Atlantic World?

answer

a. Need for more tobaccos workers b. Buying slaves was more economic for them c. Africans were seen as alien in their color and who they were. i. Basically enslavable

question

What major social and political crises rocked the colonies in the late seventeenth century?

answer

a. Bacon's Rebellion b. Glorious Revolution c. Maryland uprising d. Leisler's rebellion e. Salem Witch trials

question

How did patterns of class and gender roles change in eighteenth-century America?

answer

a. Wealthy Americans built their lives around British etiquette b. Women were expected to devoted their lives to being good wives and mothers i. Barred from practicing as attorneys ii. Labor along gender lines solidified

question

How did African slavery differ regionally in eighteenth-century North America?

answer

American slavery was widely diverse. Down south, specifically in the Chesapeake region,Slaves worked in fields gathering and planting tobacco. Southern plantation owners were normally harsh on their slaves. They filled the law books to protect their power over the slaves. Slavery in South Carolina and Georgia usually tended rice plantations and livestock. Slavery in the North were based on small farms.

question

What factors led to distinct African- American cultures in the eighteenth century?

answer

In the Chesapeake, slaves learned English, experienced the Great Awakening, and were exposed to white culture. In South Carolina and Georgia, two different societies arose. One group was distinctly involved with African culture while the other was more assimilated into American culture. Northern Slaves had distinctive African- American culture because they had more access to mainstream culture. Since the slaves up north were so far apart, the culture grew less rapidly than the other slave colonies.

question

What were the meanings of British liberty in the eighteenth century?

answer

The celebration of rule of law, the right to live under consented legislation, the right to have restraints on the arbitrary exercise of political authority, and the right to have a trial by jury is what the colonists understood as the meaning of British liberty.

question

What concepts and Institutions dominated colonial politics in the eighteenth century?

answer

(this question will most likely be skipped) The right to vote, assembly, press, religious, politics. Republicanism, the active participation in public life by economically independent citizens, and Liberalism, the rights belong to the individual and private, were the main ideas of the eighteenth century.

question

How did the great awakening challenge the religious and social structure of British North America?

answer

Congregations split into factions and new Churches started, New churches criticized the colonial practice of levying taxes to support an established church as well as defending religious freedom. Overall the Great the Awakening encouraged the colonists to trust their own formed views rather than the views given to them by established elites.

question

How did the Spanish and French empires in America in America develop in the eighteenth century?

answer

Spain was alarmed at the arrival of Russian colonists in the northwest of America so they ordered for the colonization of California via Mission Frontiers (religious institutions and centers of government and labor. The French colonies in Canada had an expansion of economy. Their traders continued to push northward and southward. What really brought money and expansion to France were sugar plantations and farming .

question

What was the impact of the seven year's war on imperial and Indian- white relations?

answer

Indians saw the British victory as a threat to their own freedom. The treaty of paris left Indians more dependent than ever on the British and caused a period of confusion over land claims, fur traders and tribal relations. the Indians eventually made peace one by one over the next few years.

question

What were the roots and significance of the Stamp Act controversy?

answer

After the Seven's Year War London forced colonists to pay for the war through taxes such as the sugar act, revenue act, and the currency act. The Stamp Act was significant because it offended the rich and poor alike. It was not targeting one group of people, but the entire colony. This act was the first major split between colonists and the British

question

What key events sharpened the divisions between Britain and the colonists in the late 1760's and early 1770's?

answer

The Stamp Act was the beginning of the divisions. The tea act lead to the Boston tea party. the Quebec act blurred the lines of land claims for the Ohio country. As this was not enough, the intolerable sent the colonist over the edge to help completely separate.

question

What key events marked the move toward American Independence?

answer

the assembly of the continental congress adopted the continental association which was the complete halt to trade with the British. The colonists proposed the Olive Branch petition because they originally did not want to rebel. England declined.

question

How were the American forces able to prevail in the Revolutionary war?

answer

the British made a series of serious mistakes when it came to fighting the Americans. They completely underestimated the Americans. Washington knew the capabilities of his forces so he stayed out of direct confrontation. Washington was able to secure victories at Trenton, Princeton, and Saratoga boosted the colonist's morale. A big factor that pushed the colonists to victory was the fact that the French and Spanish gave support help to the colonists.

question

Polytheism

answer

belief in many gods

question

Matrilineal

answer

of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.

question

Matrilocal

answer

of or denoting a custom in marriage whereby the husband goes to live with the wife's community.

question

Virgin Soil Epidemic

answer

when a people group does not have immunity to a disease(happened to Aztecs when Cortez came around)

question

Renaissance

answer

rebirth, protests against the catholic church

question

Reformation Principles

answer

mainly criticized the Catholic church,

question

Popé

answer

lead Indian people into revolution against Spanish in late 17th century

question

Jamestown

answer

the failed colony, was one of the first British Settlements. the people didn't know how to live with the weather change.

question

Powhatan

answer

leader of the Algoguians

question

Pilgrims

answer

came over on the Mayflower, were considered Separatists(thought church was corrupted but could be redeemed). celebrated the first Thanksgiving and made friends with the Indians.

question

Puritans

answer

Most literate people in the world in that time. built Harvard College, they celebrated life and enjoyed love. "Toleration stinks in God's nostrils"

question

Universality of Salvation

answer

the doctrine that all sinful and alienated human souls—because of divine love and mercy—will ultimately be reconciled to God.

question

Middle Passage

answer

the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade

question

Virginia Slave Code

answer

a series of laws enacted by the Colony of Virginia's House of Burgesses regulating activities related to interactions between slaves and citizens of the Crown colony of Virginia. The enactment of the Slave Codes are considered to be the consolidation of slavery in Virginia, and served as the foundation of Virginia's slave legislation

question

1 Timothy 1:9-10

answer

We also know that law is made not for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and irreligious; for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, for adulterers and perverts, for slave traders* and liars and perjurers - and for whatever else is contrary to the sound doctrine.(NIV)

question

Deerfield Raid

answer

an infamous story of a town that was raided to take people as prisoners of war to win the territorial battle from the English.

question

Freedom of speech/press

answer

the liberty to speak or publicly print openly without fear of government restraint.

question

Enlightenment

answer

-Argued that the universe was governed by natural laws -Emphasized rationality, harmony & order -Took the scientific method (of careful investigation based on research & experiment) and applied this to political & social life

question

Seven Years' War

answer

from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, North America, Central America, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered as the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain and France, respectively.

question

First Continental Congress

answer

a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to "The passage of the Coercive Acts" (also known as Intolerable Acts by the Colonial Americans) by the British Parliament. The Intolerable Acts had punished Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

question

Common Sense

answer

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776. The pamphlet explained the advantages of and the need for immediate independence in clear, simple language

question

Battle of Saratoga

answer

marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. Burgoyne fought two small battles to break out. They took place eighteen days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed. Trapped by superior American forces, with no relief in sight, Burgoyne surrendered his entire army on October 17.

question

Marquis de LaFayette

answer

a French aristocrat and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War. A close friend of George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson, Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789. -secured 6,000 French troops for America

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