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a minority group's adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture

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assimilation

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a law enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, and government officials from entering the U.S.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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an African American who migrated from the south to Kansas in the post-reconstruction years

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Exoduster

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massacre at sand creek, death on Bozeman Trail, raids by the Kiowa and Comanche

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Battles With Plains Indians

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Aim was to "Americanize" the native Americans by cultivating in them the desire to own property and to farm

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Powers Act

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the Federal government had passed and act that designated the entire Great Plains as one reservation for Native Americans. In response to the increasing stream of settlers, the government changed its policy they began signing treaties that created definite boundaries for each tribe.

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Dispersal of the Plains Indians

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In desperation, they turned to Wovoka, a Pointe prophet who had a vision in which Native American lands were restored. Wovoka promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual called the ________ _______, this vision would be realized.

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Ghost Dance

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of mining town, gold was discovered in scattered sites from the Black Hills of Dakota and Cripple Creeks, Colorado to Nome, Alaska lured hundreds of thousands of prospectors; glitter of gold must have blinded prospective miners to other concerns.

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boom and bust nature

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congress offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who would live on and cultivate if for five years between 400,000 and 600,000 families took advantage of this offer. They came form the south and from New England.

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Homestead Act

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overgrazing, over-using the land, bad weather

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End of the Open Range

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ensures a production boom big industries in the east need resources

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transcontinental trade from the railroad

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farmers paid outrageously high prices to transport grain. Farmers short of cash mortgaged their crops or their farms for credit with which to buy seed and supplies.

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agrarian movement

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farmer Oliver Kelley started an organization for farmers that became poplularly known as the Grange. Its original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. By the 1870's members spent most of their time fighting the railroads.

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Patrons of Husbandry/the Grange

question

the movement of the people was born with the founding of the populist, or People's Party in 1892.

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Populism

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demanded reforms to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers and to give the people a greater voice in their government.

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People's Part/Populist Party

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the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system.

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bimetallism

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silver was more plentiful than gold, backing currency with both metals as the free siverites advocated would make more currency.

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free silver

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former member of Congress from Nebraska and editor of the Omaha World-Herald, delivered as impassioned address to the assembled delegates; nominated for president by the People's Party.

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William Jennings Bryan

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speech by William Jennings Bryan which won him a full hour of wild applause and the Democratic nomination, he wanted to put gold and silver into circulation.

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"Cross of Gold" Speech

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a cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850. Developed by the British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American iron maker, William Kelley.

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Bessemer Process

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In 1876, Thomas Alva Edison perfected the light bulb. By 1890, electric power ran numerous machines, ranging from fans to printing presses.

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electricity

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the ______ was unveiled by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson in 1876.

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telephone

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moved the automobile parts at a steady speed. Such led to a huge increase in production, but required people to work like machines.

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assembly line

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large amounts of standardized products

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mass production

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groups of people working together; business

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corporations

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become mega rich, companies producing similar products merge

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horizontal integration

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also become rich

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vertical integration

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a method of consolidating competing companies in which participants turn their stock over to a board of trustees, who run the companies as one large corporation.

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trusts

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complete control over an industry achieved by buying up or driving out of business all competitors.

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monopolies

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derogatory term of social criticism originally applied to certain wealthy and powerful 19th-century American businessmen.

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robber barons

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a banker who headed holding companies

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J.P. Morgan

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head of the Standard Oil Company, joined with competing companies in trust agreements; in 1870, Standard Oil Company of Ohio processed 2 or 3% of the country's crude oil.

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John D. Rockefeller

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one of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune, entered the steel business in 1873, by 1899, the Carnegie Steel Company manufactured more steel than all the factories in Great Britain.

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Andrew Carnegie

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By 1899, the ____ _____ ______, manufactured more steel than all the factories in Great Britain.

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Carnegie Steel Company

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established by John D. Rockefeller; processed two or three percent of the country's crude oil.

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Standard Oil Company

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supported the Great Strike of 1877, and later joined the United Mine Workers of America (led miners in strikes), Florence Kelley moved into Jane Addams Hull House and became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children.

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social reformers - Mother Jones

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Ida Tarbell Uptain Sinclair

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muckrackers

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from Europe, China, Japan, Mexico, and the West Indies entered the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because they were lured by the promise of a better life. Increasing members came from southern and eastern Europe especially Italy, Austria-Hungary and Russia.

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Immigrants

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immigration stations where immigrants were inspected and to be able to be admitted into the U.S. (European immigrants primarily passed through _____ _____).

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Ellis Island

question

primarily Chinese passed through here for inspection to be be admitted. In contrast, to Ellis Island, processing at _____ _____, included harsh questioning and a long detention while government officials decided whether to admit or reject them.

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Angel Island

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a community center providing assistance to residents (immigrants) in a slum neighborhood.

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settlement houses

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pocketed as much as $200 million from the city in kick backs and payoffs between 1869 and 1871.

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Boss Tweed

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the Democratic political machine that dominated New York City in the late 19th and 20th centuries.

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Tammany Hall

question

law enacted in 1890 that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies lay making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.

answer

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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a law enacted in 1914, made certain monopolistic business practices illegal and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations.

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Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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passed in 1933, requiring corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentations.

answer

Federal Reserve Act

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economic and social philosophy; holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.

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Social Darwinism

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slum area in cities

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ghettos

question

houses for poor people in slum areas (ghettos)

answer

tenement housing

question

leader of labor union

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Labor leaders

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an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

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Labor Unions

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Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike

answer

major railroad strikes

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on the evening of May 4, 1886, 1,200 people gathered at Chicago's Haymarket Square to protest the killing of a striker by police at the McCormick Harvester Plant the day before.

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Haymarket Square Riot

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children under 16, working in harsh unsafe conditions

answer

child labor

question

all exits but one were locked, 500 workers were trapped inside no sprinkler system, single fire escape collapsed almost immediately, 145 workers died.

answer

Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Fire

question

strives to establish a radical democracy that places people's lives under their own control - a non-racist, classless, feminist socialist society... where working people own and control the means of production and distribution through democratically-controlled public agencies, cooperatives, or other collective groups

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Socialist Party

question

law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other Governing Body or the process of making it.

answer

legislation (Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act)

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Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

answer

16th Amendment

question

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures

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17th Amendment

question

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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18th Amendment

question

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

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19th Amendment

question

square deal, became president in 1901; trust busting; railroad regulation

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Theodore Roosevelt

question

in 1912, election put forward their candidate a reform governor of New Jersey.

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Woodrow Wilson

question

third party also known as the Progressive Party nominated Roosevelt for president.

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Bull Moose Party

question

saving resources as to not eliminate them

answer

conservation

question

first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard

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W.E.B. Dubois

question

Roosevelt hand picked Taft, his Secretary of War, to carry out his policies.

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William Howard Taft

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Taft, Roosevelt, and Wilson ran for president - Wilson won.

answer

election of 1912

question

economic competition among industrial nations, political and military competition, a belief in the racial and cultural superiority of people of Anglo-Saxon.

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economic causes of imperialism

question

extreme patriotism in an aggressive or war-like manner.

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jingoism

question

"In the Influence of Sea Power Upon History" built nine steel-hulled cruises

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military expansion

question

an economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection; unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.

answer

Social Darwinism

question

the use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers.

answer

yellow journalism

question

the McKinley Tariff of 1890, provided a crisis by eliminating the duty free status of Hawaiian sugar. American planters in Hawaii called for the U.S. to annex the islands so they wouldn't have to pay the duty.

answer

annexation of Hawaii

question

(1898) 11,000 Americans joined the forces with Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo. In August, Spanish troops in Manila surrendered to Americans rather than to the Filipinos who had been fighting for freedom since 1896.

answer

Spanish American War

question

between 1880 and 1920, immigrants came form ____ into the U.S., Cubans rebelled against Spain with the aid of America; Congress declared war against Spain later on.

answer

Cuba

question

islands ruled by Spain

answer

Guam

question

possessed by Spain in 1825

answer

Philippines

question

one of the few ruled by Spain

answer

Puerto Rico

question

reflected America's role as a world power, marvelous technological accomplishment, opened in 1914; greatly reduced travel time for commercial and military ships.

answer

Panama Canal

question

the U.S. Navy battle fleet, 16 battleships, 1907 circled around the world.

answer

Great White Fleet

question

organization established on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the Philippines.

answer

Anti-Imperialist League

question

U.S. Imperialists saw the Philippines as a gateway to the rest of Asia, particularly, China.

answer

Open Door Policy

question

a 1900 rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence.

answer

Boxer Rebellion

question

the U.S. policy of using the nation's economic power to exert influence over other countries

answer

dollar diplomacy

question

system in which support is given only to countries whose moral beliefs are analogues to that of the nation.

answer

moral diplomacy

question

small country that is economically dependent on a single export commodity, such as bananas, typically governed by a dictator or the armed forces.

answer

banana republics

question

Filipinos intent on independence; led by Aguinaldo rose in armed revolt. Philippine-American War lasted 3 years.

answer

Philippines Insurrection

question

was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-03.

answer

Roosevelt Corollary/Big Stick Policy

question

union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

answer

alliances

question

the policy of extending a nation's authority over the other country's by economic, political, or military means.

answer

imperialism

question

The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance. Also, the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free of foreign domination.

answer

nationalism

question

the policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war.

answer

militarism

question

sank by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915, killing 1,198 people (128 Americans).

answer

sinking of Lusitania

question

promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships, to be torpedoed without warning.

answer

Sussex Pledge

question

telegram sent by the German foreign minister to the German Ambassador in Mexico and intercepted by British agents; suggested an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the U.S. broke out, Germany would support Mexico.

answer

Zimmermann Telegram

question

what initially started WWI

answer

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

question

type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules

answer

unrestricted submarine warfare

question

the large scale movement of hundreds of thousands of southern blacks to cities in the North

answer

Great Migration

question

president set up the Food Administration and placed Herbert Hoover in charge.

answer

Victory Gardens

question

purchasing bonds that support the war efforts

answer

liberty bonds

question

to directly popularize the war, the government set up the nation's first propoganda agency, the committee on Public Info.

answer

propoganda

question

to directly popularize the war, the government set up this head of CPI George Creel.

answer

Committee on Public Information

question

a law enacted in 1917, that required men to register for military service.

answer

Selective Service Act

question

imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI.

answer

Espionage Act of 1917

question

an agency established during WWII to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.

answer

War Industries Board

question

a person could be fined up to $10,000.00 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the draft, obstructing the sale of government bonds or saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government.

answer

Sedition Act of 1918

question

Justice Oliver Wendall Holmes wrote, "No protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing panic" Freedom of speech is not without limits.

answer

Schenk v. U.S.

question

Hoover's entire staff consisted of volunteers, organized a tremendous publicity campaign; American Food shipments to the allies tripled.

answer

voluntary policies of the Food Administration

question

a flowering of African American artistic creativity during the 1920's in the Harlem community of NYC

answer

Harlem Renaissance

question

Jazz was born in the early 2oth century in New Orleans

answer

Jazz Age

question

proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women.

answer

Equal Rights Amendment

question

one of the free-thinking young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920's.

answer

Flappers

question

smuggling alcoholic beverages into the U.S. during the prohibition.

answer

bootlegging

question

Al Capone made this more common

answer

organized crime

question

fear that "Reds" or communists would take over America; Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer decided to take action to combat this "Red Scare"

answer

the First Red Scare

question

limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota.

answer

immigration quotas

question

A. Mitchell Palmer sent government agents to hunt down suspected communists, socialist, and anarchists

answer

Palmer Raids

question

anarchists who had evaded the draft during WWI, accused of murder and robbery, executed in the electric chair

answer

Sacco and Vanzetti case

question

a movement mostly by African Americans who wanted to end racism

answer

anti-lynching campaign

question

laws enacted by Southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities

answer

Jim Crow Laws

question

a secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states after the civil war.

answer

Ku Klux Klan

question

a Jamaican immigrant who believed that African Americans should build a separate society.

answer

Marcus Garvey

question

VP to Harding; called out the National Guard to restore order during Boston Police Strike

answer

Calvin Coolidge

question

the belief that you should leave the economy alone

answer

Laissez-fiare

question

created the model t, made cars more efficiently and easier to buy

answer

Henry Ford

question

changed American landscape construction of paved roads, garages, carports, driveways

answer

effects of automobiles on society

question

a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and American society

answer

Scopes Trial

question

number of electrical households grew although most farms still lacked power

answer

electrical appliances

question

with new goods flooding the market, business relied increasingly on advertising to sell the products; they hired psychologists to study how to appeal to buyers

answer

growth of consumer economy

question

useful peacetime means of transportation

answer

airplanes

question

entertainment, celebrities arise

answer

motion pictures

question

improved communication

answer

radios

U.S. History – Mid-Term – Flashcards

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