U.S. History 1302 Exam 3 – Flashcards
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The great depression gave a rise to who?
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Europe and Asia
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Europe and Asia promised what during the great depression?
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to strengthen their nations.
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Adolf Hitler in Germany forced what from other countries and why?
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He forced concessions, so not to go to war.
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Countries tried to what to Adolf Hitler ?
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Appease him.
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The Neutrality Acts of 1935
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restricting arm sales and loans to any nation at war.
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Which president quickly bypassed the Neutrality Act when the war started in 1939? and how did he do this?
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FDR, with the cash and carry system
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What is the 'cash and carry' system?
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where goods were purchased and taken by other nations.
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How did the US help England in WWII, and what did we get in return?
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The US gave them 50 destroyers, and got the use of English bases throughout the world.
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When England ran out of money, FDR began what?
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The Lend-lease act, supplying them with arms that would be paid for in the future.
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On December 7, 1961 the Japanese Empire did what?
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They launched a surprise attack on the US military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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How many Americans were killed during Pearl Harbor.
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2,400
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How did America react to the Pearl Harbor attack? and What happened after that?
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The next day the US declared war on Japan. On the 9th, Germany and Italy declared war on the US.
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Although the US was attacked by Japan, which country was the bigger priority?
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Germany
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What was the Doolittle Raid?
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The first attack against Japan was flying bombers over Tokyo and hitting installations there.
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What was the US' first attack against Germany?
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We took the beaches of North Africa and pushing the Germans back there.
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What did woman do during the war?
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They took up jobs in factories making planes and equipment for the war.
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Who represented woman during WWII?
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Rosie the Riveter
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What was the Double-V and who pushed the idea?
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It meant if they supported and help win the war then they would win rights and freedoms back home, African Americans
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Because the US feared Japanese espionage, they did what?
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Placed all Japanese-American citizens in internment camps.
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How was WWII a total war?
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Everyone got involved in winning it. People bought victory bonds, maintained victory gardens, rationed food, and materials, and had scrape drives.
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The US first joined forces with which country?
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England.
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On June 6, 1944, allied forces did what?
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They landed on the beaches on Normandy, France to open up a second front against Germany in Europe.
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What was the Battle of the Bulge?
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In the winter of 44-45, Germany attacked back at American and British forces.
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Which president won he's 4th term as president, but died in office in April, 1945.
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FDR
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Which president replaced FDR?
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Truman.
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At what point did America see firsthand what happened in the Holocaust?
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When Germany surrendered in May of 1945.
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How many Jews and other people were killed during the Holocaust?
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6 Million Jews, 5 Million others.
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What battle was the turning point of WWII?
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The battle of Midway Island, where Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers.
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What was the secret name for the production of the Bomb?
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The Manhattan Project
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Who ran the Manhattan Project bomb?
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Dr. Charles Opperheimer.
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By the end of the war the US did what, instead of invading Japan?
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The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945.
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The Allies created what in order to talk out problem instead of going to war?
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The United Nations.
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What did the US want to contain what at the start of the cold war?
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the USSR
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
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It announced that the US would help any country around the world in defeating communism.
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What was the Marshal Plan?
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It sent out $13 Billion in funds to Western Europe to rebuild so that they would not become communist nations.
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The US and its allies created what treaty?
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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What was NATO?
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a treaty that would provide defense for any member nation that was under attack.
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What treaty did the Soviet Union create that did the same thing as NATO?
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the Warsaw pact.
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After WWII, Germany was divided between what?
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The Western Allies (US, UK, France) and the Soviet Union. The capital Berlin was also divided.
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Western Germany and Western Berlin cut ties by who? And for what purpose?
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Cut ties by the USSR to force the city to accept communism.
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What was the Berlin Airlift?
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It supplied Western Berlin with supplies for nearly a year, until the USSR allowed the city street access again.
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1949 Which country became a communist nation after years of war?
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China
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How did the US react to China becoming a communist nation?
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We helped rebuild Japan, which was seen as a major power in helping contain communism.
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In 1949 which nation created and detonated a nuclear bomb?
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Soviet Union
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How did the US react to the Soviet Union creating the nuclear bomb?
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We built the "super bomb" or Hydrogen bomb.
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In the Korean War who was against who?
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Communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea.
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How did the US get involved in the Korean War?
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They sent troops in, pushing the NK passed the old border and nearly into china.
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How did the Korean war end?
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China launched a massive attack against the US pushing them back, Ended at the 38th parallel.
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What was the second red scare?
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A time when people were fearful of communism taking over the US from within.
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Who investigated people that were believed to be communist of socialist?
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The FBI and House of Committee
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Who bullied and attacked people, charging them with being communist?
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Senator Joseph McCarthy
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Who did Joseph McCarthy attack as being communist that angered many people?
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The US Army
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Who was Alger Hiss?
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He was tried for perjury after evidence came out that he was a communist spy.
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Who were the Rosen Burgs (Julius and Ethal)?
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They were tried as communist spies and later executed.
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What was the baby boom? and What time period was it in?
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This is when WWII veterans began having families and there were many babies born in the late 40's and continued in to the late 50's
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How did teen rebel in the 50's?
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With a new music called Rock n' Roll. and some people tried new hair do's such as of the actor James Dean.
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What new technology came out in the 50's?
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The Television
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What famous TV shows came out during the 50's?
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Leave it to beaver, Father knows best, and I Love Lucy, that brought images of good wholesome family values.
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In the 50's while whites were doing well, what were blacks doing?
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They began pushing for equal rights.
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The first satellite put into space was created by who? and what was is called?
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The soviet Union, it was known as sputnik.
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After the first US rocket failed, congress created what?
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NASA.
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The soviet union erected a wall where?
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between East and West Berlin.
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A U2 spy plane was shot down by who? and Who did it belong to?
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The Soviet Union shot down a US U2 pane. This embarrassed the US that they had been caught spying in the USSR.
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In 1961 the US allowed what into Florida and Why?
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Cuba Militants to invade the island to try and free it from Castro and the Communist. This invasion failed and embarrassed Kennedy and the US.
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Why was the world on a brink of nuclear war in the early 60's?
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Because Cuba began allowing the Soviet Union to place nuclear weapons upon the island for protection as the US blocked the island.
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How did everyone stop a nuclear war from happening?
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In negotiations, both sides removed nuclear weapons from Cuba and Turkey, the US also said they would never invade Cuba again.
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Who created Rock n' Roll?
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African Americans, but Elvis Presley made it for white people.
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What caused a generational between the old and young people in the 60's?
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Rock n' Roll.
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The Supreme court ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education said what?
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That is was unconstitutional to separate the races in schools.
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How long would it take for integration to happen?
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Another 10 to 20 years.
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Why was Rosa Parks arrested?
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For not giving up her seat to a white man.
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Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
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A young preacher, organized a bus boycott throughout the city. He advocated non-violent protest and sit ins.
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Who was Emmett Till?
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He was a young African American that was murdered by a white gang after whistling at a white woman.
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What is the Civil Rights Act of 1957?
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Eisenhower passed this, it ended literacy test and poll taxes, giving more African Americans the right to vote.
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What happened in Little Rock? and How did Eisenhower react?
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9 black students were nearly attacked by a white mob, Eisenhower sent 1000 soldiers to protect them for the school year.
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Who were the freedom riders and what happened when they arrived to the South?
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They were blacks that rode the bus to prove a point and then got arrested instead of being attacked.
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Civil Rights Bill of 1968
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Outlawed discrimination by race, color, or sex.
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How many blacks came to Washington DC to watch MLK?
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200,000
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The KKK bombed what? Killing who?
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They bombed an African American church in Montgomery, AL killing four teenage girls.
