U. S. History 10-14 – Flashcards
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What did thomas jefferson mean when he referred to his successful bid for the presidency in 1800 as the "revolution of 1800"?
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It represented a thorough yet peaceful repudiation of the federalists
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Why did thomas jefferson criticize alexander hamiltons vision of government?
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Because hamilton's policies would make the rich richer
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Why did John Adams appoint his famous "midnight judges" during the final weeks of his presidency?
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It ensured as many federalists as possible were going to be in government positions
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Why did the United States express concern after Spain returned Louisiana to France?
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Because it was under the rule of Napoleon
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Which explorer was arrested and taken to Mexico by the Spanish for traveling too far to the west?
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Zebulon Pike
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How did the embargo act of 1807 affect the United States?
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It increased unemployment
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What did non-intercourse act of 1809 do?
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It prohibited trade with England, France, and their colonies
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How did the war of 1812 and the Hartford convention affect the Federalist Party?
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The Federalist Party died as a political force after opposing a popular war
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Which group suffered the greatest losses in the war of 1812?
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The Indians
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How did the Missouri compromise of 1820 pass in the house of reps?
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17 northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues to preserve sectional harmony
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The national road, begun in 1806, was the only road sponsored by
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The federal government, and authorized by congress
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How did steamboats disrupt the natural environment?
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The need for fuel lead to deforestation and air pollution
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Why were canals an important innovation in the early 19th century?
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They allowed a cheaper transport by virtue of greatly increased loads
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What role did bankers play in the economy of Jacksonian America?
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Bankers issued banknotes, which were backed by hard money
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How did Andrew Jackson and many of his followers hope to maximize economic opportunity?
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Jackson wanted to end government support for business
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Which factor contributed to the panic of 1819?
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A contraction of the money supply and plummeting prices of commodities
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What was the result of black hawk's resistance to removal from Illinois?
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His capture and the massacre of some 400 of his people
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What was the infamous trail of tears?
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A 1200 mile of forced march Cherokees who were expelled from their land
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The doctrine of nullification outlined by John c Calhoun in response to the tariff of abominations argued that
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When congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify congress' acts
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What was the second great awakening?
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An outpouring of evangelical religious fervor
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What was the effect of the growth of railroads in the 1850s?
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New industries, like telegraph communications flourished. Also iron and coal production
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What did free-labor proponents believe about education?
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It offered another opportunity for Americans to achieve their potential
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Most German immigrants were the families of
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Skilled tradesmen
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Who led the Mormon exodus to the great salt lake?
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Brigham young
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How was president Polk able to add Oregon to US holdings?
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He renewed an old offer to divide Oregon along the 49th parallel and the British accepted
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What was president Polk's strategy to win the war?
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To win a battle or two and force Mexico to sue for peace
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The gold rush created a social environment that was
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Competitive, violent, and unhealthy but growing rapidly
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The Oneida community was known for its
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Complete sexual freedom
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The 1848 convention at Seneca falls advocated
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Women's rights and suffrage
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What did transcendentalists believe?
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All forms of being, God, nature, and humanity, are spiritually united through a shared universal soul, or "over-soul." Also that society and its institutions corrupted the purity of the individual
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By 1860 what percentage of the world's supply of cotton was produced in the southern United States?
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75%
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In 1860 blacks made up a majority of the population in
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South Carolina
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How did the institution of slavery affect social relations in the south?
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Whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class
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Prior to the civil war, why did the south remain agriculturally based instead of diversifying its economy?
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Planters made good profits and featured economic change
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Why were there no statewide public school systems in the south as late as 1850?
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State legislatures failed to provide many essential services and planters saw no need to educate their workforce
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What did plantation owners mean when they described the master-slave relationship in terms of "paternalism"?
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A slaves labor and obedience were exchanged for the masters care and guidance
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Why did planters promote Christianity in the slave quarters?
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They believed it would make slaves more obedient
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The goal of most free blacks in the south was to
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Preserve their own freedom
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Elite southerners maintained their power over the yeoman majority by
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Convincing yeomen of their shared interests
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How did powerful whites defend slavery from attacks by critics?
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They use intimidation tactics to silence critics
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What did the wilmot proviso of 1846 propose?
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Slavery to be prohibited throughout the entire area ceded by Mexico
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Senator Lewis cass of Michigan proposed the doctrine of popular sovereignty, a measure that would allow
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The people who settled the territories to decide whether they wanted slavery
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What happened to most fugitive slaves once they were captured?
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They were returned back to their masters
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In 1854 Stephen a Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska act and included a section repealing the Missouri compromise because
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He needed southern support to pass his legislation, the price of which was opening up the Nebraska territory to the possibility of slavery
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What was the result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
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Stephen Douglas won a senate seat but Abraham Lincoln became well known
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Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe's uncle toms cabin influence northerners' attitudes toward slavery?
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The novel put forth a stirring moral indictment of slavery
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Which southerner argued that "I consider slavery much more secure in the union than out of it?"
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Alexander Stephens
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Why did the slave states of the upper south initially reject secession?
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The upper south did not have as great a stake in slavery as the states in the lower south
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How did James Buchanan respond as the secession crisis loomed over the final weeks of his presidential administration?
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He remained in Washington and did nothing
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In his first inaugural address Abraham Lincoln
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Was reassuring and conciliatory toward the south on the issue of slavery but firm in inflexible concerning the perpetuity of the Union
