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When the Affordable Care Act was implemented, the primary problem was that

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d. the web site citizens had to use to obtain insurance did not work.

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A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority is a(n)

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d. bureaucracy.

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Organizations can be chiefly defined by their

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e. All of these choices are true.

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In the governments of modern societies, bureaucracies

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still play a central role.

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The success of the British with respect to defending their ships from U-boats was based on

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c. centralization and communication.

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As measured by comparing U.S. government expenditures as a proportion of all economic activity, the United States

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b. has one of the smallest governments among Western democracies.

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Government regulation of business grew in response to the realization that

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a. a laissez-faire approach does not always result in competitive markets.

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8. One of the reasons why bureaucracies are much larger in other countries is that

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c. they offer more social services, such as government-paid health care.

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9. ______________ is not a reason cited by the text for the growth of government?

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c. Election and appointment of "left-leaning Social Democratic" government officials

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10. The government began to take steps to provide income security in the wake of

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c. the Great Depression.

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11. Social Security was instituted by the government in the

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c. 1960s.

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12. In response to the constant cry for reduction in the size of the bureaucracy, the government typically

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a. reduces the number of bureaucrats.d. turns over jobs to nonprofit organizations or private contractors.

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13. __________ created new bureaucracies to administer new programs for health care and oversight of the financial services industry.

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b. Barack Obama

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14. The Department of ________ is the largest government department in terms of number of employees.

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Defense

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15. The biggest units of the executive branch are termed _________ and are headed by __________.

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e. departments; secretaries

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16. The CIA is a good example of a federal

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a. independent agency.

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17. The larger governmental departments tend to focus on the nation's

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a. security.

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18. Which of the following departments has the highest number of civilian employees?

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b. Veterans Affairs

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19. Regulatory commissions are usually run with an odd number of commissioners

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b. to prevent tie votes.

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20. Government corporations are best described as

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d. government agencies that provide services that could be provided by the private sector.

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21. Government corporations are most likely to be created when a service is for the public good and

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c. there is the danger of corporate monopoly if the government fails to act.

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22. The U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak are examples of

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d. government corporations.

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23. The national bureaucracy is staffed by roughly 2. 8 million civilian employees, who account for about __________ percent of the U.S. work force.

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a. 2

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24. The civil service was created after President Garfield was assassinated by a(n)

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c. mentally unbalanced job seeker.

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25. The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to

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e. reduce patronage by creating a civil service.

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26. The civil service system was created to

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a. ensure equal partisanship in filling government jobs.

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27. The central feature of the civil service system is

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b. the fitting of job openings to agencies' needs.

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A president can appoint about three thousand people to jobs in their administration, which represents __________ of all executive branch employees.

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c. less than 1 percent

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29. Presidential appointees in the executive branch fill the top policymaking positions in government, and some 1000 of them require

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d. U.S. Senate confirmation.

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30. The bureaucracy may not be fully responsive to a president's wishes because

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a. pluralist pressures may pull the agency in a direction other than that favored by the president.

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31. In recent years, morale of government employees has

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a. declined, in part because of congressional budget actions.

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32. Presidents can exert considerable influence over agency policymaking by

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a. appointing administrators sympathetic to their policy goals.

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33. According to the text, a primary reason for low morale among federal employees is

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b. budget cuts resulting in staff reductions with no corresponding work output expectations.

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34. New cabinet departments or agencies can be created

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c. by congressional law.

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35. Committees can "punish" an agency by

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d. cutting its budget, altering a key program, and holding up the confirmation of nominees.

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36. The legal powers of bureaucratic agencies derive from

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c. a constitutional mandate.

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37. Congress has a tendency to grant _________ discretion to those agencies involved in domestic and global security.

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a. the broadest range of

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An example of the broad power available to federal agencies in 2013 was the FDA banning ________ from foods.

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e. trans fats

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39. Rules that guide the operation of government programs are termed

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regulations

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After an ExpressJet flight kept 47 passengers on board an aircraft overnight in Rochester, New York, the Department of Transportation announced a new set of rules limiting tarmac waits to

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c. no more than three hours.

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The airline industry claimed that the new Department of Transportation rules limiting passenger tarmac waits on a plane would

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a. create longer delays.

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As a result of numerous high-profile incidents, at the end of 2009 the Department of Transportation issued regulations that

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e. had the effect of reducing extended tarmac delays to nearly zero.

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Which of the following is not accurate with respect to the ideal, rational decision-making process described by Charles Lindblom?

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d. It represents the typical behavior of government decision-makers.

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44. The rational-comprehensive model of policymaking is unrealistic because

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a. it is difficult for policymakers to define precise values and goals.

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45. Often, the theoretically correct, or rational, policy is not enacted because

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e. the "right" policy is politically unacceptable.

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According to Charles Lindblom, policymaking tends to be characterized by ________, with policies and programs changing bit by bit, step-by-step.

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c. incrementalism

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47. According to the text, the Obama administration's bailout of the financial services industry was

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e. an example of government intervention that was to be expected, given recent antecedents in current policy.

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In implementing the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), school administrators frequently offer families fewer services than the law calls for because

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c. school administrators don't have enough money to provide services to all qualifying students.

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49. Bureaucrats "go by the book" because

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d. they operate only within their narrow specialization.

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50. During the Bush administrations struggle against terrorism,

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a. many suspected terrorists were subjected to torture, though some were not actually involved in terrorism.

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51. Implementation of policies is often difficult because of all but which of the following reasons?

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e. After policies are implemented, they must still undergo the development stage.

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52. Putting specific policies into operation is known as _____________.

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implementation

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53. Among the important reasons government programs are not implemented successfully is that

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. the government sometimes attempts to implement programs that are not well-suited to bureaucracies.

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Because they believe it will promote efficiency and a growing economy, _________ have been champions of deregulation.

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c. conservatives.

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The thorough and lengthy process the FDA uses to evaluate drugs was validated by the controversy involving

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c. thalidomide.

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56. Upon taking office, Barack Obama's regulatory agencies

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a. began to issue regulations at a faster rate than George W. Bush's agencies.

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___________________ is not one of the reasons government has continued to expand the extent of its regulatory authority.

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b. Enforcing consistent regulatory standards among the states

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If Google actually produces a driverless car, the text anticipates that government will be quick to regulate it because

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c. safety this new technology would have to be monitored.

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59. Which act held agencies accountable for their performance?

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a. The Government Performance and Results Act

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60. One significant difficulty with the initial No Child Left Behind law was that

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d. states were allowed to set their own standards for what constituted acceptable student performance

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