tx gov quiz # 5 – Flashcards
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Gilmer-Alkins Laws
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education reform legislation passed in 1949 that supplemented local funding of education with public monies, raised teachers' salaries, mandated a min length for the school year, and provided for more state supervision of public education
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Great Recession
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was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets beginning around the end of the first decade of the 21st century.
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Budget Fix
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a budget that does not change or flex when sales or some other activity increases or decreases. A fixed budget is also referred to as a static budget.
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Medicaid
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a federal and state program financing medical services to low-income people
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New Deal
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President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1930s programs to stimulate the national economy and provide relief to victims of the Great Depression
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RVAA
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Religious Viewpoints Anti-Discrimination Act, state law passed in 2007 to force public schools into taking steps at protecting the free expression of religious views from discrimination
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Robin Hood Plan
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The Robin Hood plan was a media nickname given to legislation enacted by the U.S. state of Texas in 1993 to provide court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state.
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School Choice
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a term or label given to a wide array of programs offering students and their family's alternatives to publicly provided schools, to which students are generally assigned by the location of their family residence.
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Sonogram Law
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Texas, for instance, requires that a woman seeking an abortion receive a sonogram from the doctor who will be performing the procedure at least 24 hours before the abortion. During the sonogram, the doctor is required to display sonogram images and make the heartbeat audible to the patient.
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SSI
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Supplemental Security Income, passed 1972, provides assistance to low income elderly and disabled individuals
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TANF
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, a welfare program passed in 1996 to provide temporary assistance to families with needy children; replacing the AFDC program, TANF sought to make poor families self-sufficient and to give states greater flexibility in setting benefit levels, eligibility requirements, and other program details
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TAKS
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Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills
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Edgewood v. Kirby
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In 1968, Demetrio Rodriguez and other parents of Mexican American students in the Edgewood Independent School District of San Antonio, Texas, filed a class action suit in U.S. District Court challenging Texas' public school finance system. Under the Texas system, the state appropriated funds to provide each child with a minimum education. Each local school district then enriched that basic education with funds derived from locally levied ad valorem property taxes. Since the value of taxable property and the number of school-aged children varied greatly among the state's many school districts, significant interdistrict disparities existed in available enrichment revenues, per-pupil expenditures, and tax rates.
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NFIB v. Sebelius (person in charge)
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National Federation of Independent Business challenged the constitutionality of the ACA. NIFB argued it was not constitutional because it orders citizens to buy things they don't want. Outcome the yes the government does have the power to order them to buy it because they call it a "tax"
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Roe V. Wade
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is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. It was decided simultaneously with a companion case, Doe v. Bolton. The Court ruled 7-2 that a right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state's two legitimate interests in regulating abortions: protecting women's health and protecting the potentiality of human life.[1]
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San Antonio v. Rodriguez
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was a landmark case involving the constitutionality of using property taxes to fund public schools. At the heart of the case lay the question of the equitable funding of public schools. Lawyers for Rodriguez and seven other children in the poor Edgewood independent school district in the San Antonio area argued that the current system financing public schools in Texas was unfair///was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held the San Antonio Independent School District's financing system, based on local property taxes, was not an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. The majority opinion, reversing the District Court, stated the appellees did not sufficiently prove that education is a fundamental right, that textually existed within the U.S. Constitution, and could thereby (through the 14th Amendment to the Constitution), be applied to the several States. The Court also found the financing system was not subject to strict scrutiny.
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481/504
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481 Reading SAT score in 2o01, Math SAT score is 504
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80.6%
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High School graduate in rate in Texas in 2009
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36th
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Is the national ranking for graduation rate
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>3.4M
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# of people enrolled in Medicaid in Texas in 2010
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80K to 325K
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# of kids on welfare goes between these two (1967-1973) LBJ launched his "great society"
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3.6M
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# of Texans participating in food stamp Program (SNAP) Supplemental nutrition Assistance program
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28K to 500K
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People on CHIP from 2000 to 2009
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7%
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federal budget that gets consumed by Medicaid and CHIP
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60%
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Share of water usage from Texas that is taken from irrigation
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82%
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By 2060 the population of Texas is expected to increase by 82%
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$9,816, $32.5M
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Amount of residential tuition for University of Texas, Non state tuition
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50
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# of community college Districts in Texas
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Fiscal Year
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Budget Year to follow for Texas gov. Sept 1st-August 31st of the following year. United States: October 1st-Sept 30th of the following year
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Sales Tax
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a tax on sales or on the receipts from sales
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Franchise Tax
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Business Tax that companies pay
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Severance Tax
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Taxes that is imposed on the removal of non-renewable resources
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Excise Tax
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Tax on Consumption of use
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Sin Tax
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Tax that depends on state you are in (Ex: in Nevada=gambling)
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TRS
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Teachers Retirement System
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PSF
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Permanent School Fund, fund that created in 1854 that provides monies for primary and secondary schools
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PUF
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Permanent University Fund, funs established in 1876 and funded from the proceeds from land owned by the state; monies go to various universities in the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems
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General (Revenue) Fund
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the state's primary operating fund
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Rainy
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also known as economic stabilization fund it was established by constitutional amendment in 1988 to provide funds for the state during times of financial stress
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Recession
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a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
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Tax Incidence
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tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare. Tax incidence is said to "fall" upon the group that ultimately bears the burden of, or ultimately has to pay, the tax.
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Progressive Tax
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Tax on income where the more you make the higher % of the rate of Taxation you will be charged (the more you make, the more they take)
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Regressive Tax
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Regardless of how much you make the tax rate is the same
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Ability-to-pay
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An economic principle stating that the amount of tax an individual pays should be dependent on the level of burden the tax will create relative to the wealth of the individual.
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Tax Elasticity
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The sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.
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Biennium
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a specified period of two years.
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FED. Grants
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are economic aid issued by the United States government out of the general federal revenue. A federal grant is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States.
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Medicare
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is the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease
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SCHIP
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State Children's Health Insurance Plan
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Matching Funds REQ
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are funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources. Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good.
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Dedicated HWY. Fund
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a transportation fund in the United States which receives money from a federal fuel tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.4 cents per gallon of diesel fuel and related excise taxes
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Performance-based Budgeting
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A budget that reflects the input of resources and the output of services for each unit of an organization. This type of budget is commonly used by the government to show the link between the funds provided to the public and the outcome of these services.
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LBB
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Legislative Budget Board
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Appropriation Bill
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authorization by the legislature to a government agency or body to spend up to a particular amount of money
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Budget Depict
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amount of red ink in a single budget year
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Debt
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accumulation of all debt
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Dedicated Funds
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means a fund in the State Treasury, or a separate account or fund in the General Fund in the State Treasury, that by law is dedicated, appropriated or set aside for a limited object or purpose, but "dedicated fund" does not include a revolving fund or a trust fund.
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Conf. Committee
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a committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill. A conference committee is usually composed of senior Members of the standing committees of each House that originally considered the legislation.
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Line-item Veto
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the power of a president, governor, or other elected executive to reject individual provisions of a bill
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Sunset Review
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is an evaluation of the need for the continued existence of a program or an agency. It allows for an assessment of the effectiveness and performance of the program or agency.
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VMT Tax
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Vehicles Miles traveled Tax (state taxing you for the amount of miles you travel
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CPA
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A Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is an accounting professional who has passed the Uniform CPA examination and has also met additional state certification and experience requirements.
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