Transnational MKTG Ch 5;6 – Flashcards
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Cultural Imperative
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A business custom that must be recognized and accommodated
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Cultural Elective
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A business custom to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary
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Cultural Exclusive
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A business custom in which an outsider must not participate
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Silent Languages
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Term used by Edward T Hall for the non-spoken and symbolic meanings of time, space,things, friendships, and agreements, and how they vary across cultures from Hall's seminal article "The Silent Language of Business"
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Monochronic Time
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Describing a view of time, typical of most North Americans, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians, as something that is linear and can be saved , wasted , spent, and lost. These cultures tend to concentrate on one thing at a time and value promptness
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Polychronic Time
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A view of time held in "high context" cultures, in which the completion of a human transaction is more important than holding to schedules. Characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of many things
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Bribery
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The use of funds, usually illegally, to influence decisions made by public employees and government officials. Such payments often range into the millions of dollars in international commerce
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Lubrication
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The use of funds to expedite actions of public employees and government officials. The payments made to minor officials may or may not be illegal and are usually of inconsequential amounts
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Subornation
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The giving of large sums of money- frequently not fully accounted for- designed to entice an official to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one offering the money
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Sovereignty
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The powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries, as well as the supreme powers of state as exercised over its own inhabitants
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Nationalism
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An intense feeling of national pride and unity; an awakening of nation's people to pride in their country. Nationalism can take on an anti foreign business bias
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Confiscation
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The seizing of a company's assets without payment. Prominent examples involving US companies occurred in Cuba and Iran
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Expropriation
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The seizure of an investment by a government in which some reimbursement is made to the investment owner; often the seized investment becomes nationalized
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Domestication
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A process by which a host country gradually transfers foreign investments to national control and ownership through a series of government decrees mandating local ownership and greater national involvement in company management
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Political and Social Activities
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PSAs are individuals who participate in efforts to change the practices and behaviors of corporations and governments, with tactics that can range from peaceful protest to terrorism
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Nongovernmental Organizations
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Large advocacy organizations, usually not-for-profit, often multinational, and run by citizens rather than companies or governments. Prominent examples are Green Peace, Amnesty International, and the Red Cross
