Tobacco Health Ch. 11 – Flashcards
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List several types of tobacco products
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- cigarettes - chewing tobacco - snuff - pipe tobacco - cigars - herbal cigarettes
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True or false: Only certain tobacco products contain dangerous chemicals
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false; all tobacco products have dangerous chemicals
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How many smokers does tobacco kill?
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approximately 500,000 smokers
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How many secondhand smokers does tobacco kill?
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approximately 50,000 secondhand smokers
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True or false: Tobacco use is the 2nd leading cause of preventable death
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true
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How many chemicals does cigarette smoke contain?
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over 4,800 chemicals
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True or false: Tobacco kills over 20 times more people than murder
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true
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What is nicotine? What kind of drug is it?
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- the highly addictive drug found in all tobacco products - has effects on the brain and other parts of the body which can lead to physical dependence and addiction - leads people to smoke over long periods of time - takes only seconds for nicotine to get into bloodstream - stimulant drug
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List the short-term effects of nicotine and tobacco use
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- stimulates the brain reward system - increases heart rate and blood pressure - increases breathing rate - increases blood-sugar levels - stimulates vomit reflex - bad breath - smelly clothes - black specks between teeth
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What kind of poison is nicotine at higher doses?
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powerful nerve poison
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How many milligrams are enough for nicotine to kill most people?
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60 milligrams
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How many milligrams are inhaled when a cigarette is smoked?
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1-3 milligrams
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What are carcinogens?
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- chemicals or agents that are known to cause cancer - at least 40 of the chemicals in tobacco are carcinogens
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What is tar?
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- a major carcinogen in cigarette smoke - a sticky, black substance in tobacco smoke that coats the inside of the airways and contains many carcinogens - irritates the insides of the lungs - leads to coughing and many long-term dangers
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What are the four carcinogens in tar?
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- cyanide - formaldehyde - lead - vinyl chloride
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What is carbon monoxide?
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- a gas that blocks oxygen from getting into the bloodstream - can be deadly - buildup of carbon monoxide can lead to gangrene
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True or false: Tobacco products that don't produce smoke are not harmful
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false
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What is snuff?
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- chewing tobacco that is more finely ground - contains 2-3 times more nicotine than cigarette smoke does - 8 dips per day = same amount of nicotine as 30 cigarettes - can lead to mouth sores and oral cancer
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What is chewing tobacco?
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- smokeless tobacco that is placed under the lower lip and gum - comes in shredded, twisted, bricked, moist and dis solvable tobacco leaves that users put between their cheek and gum - smokeless does not mean harmless - can lead to oral cancer
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True or false: Chewing tobacco is the worst form of tobacco use
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true
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True or false: Oral cancer can be severely disfiguring when large amounts of tissue and bone must be removed to treat it
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true
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List several carcinogens in smokeless forms of tobacco
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- arsenic - nickel - benzopyrene - polonium - etc.
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True or false: Herbal cigarettes contain tobacco and a spice that makes them taste better, so their flavor is more attractive to teens
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true
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What is bidis?
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small, thin, unfiltered, hand-rolled cigarettes
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True or false: There are safe forms of tobacco
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false
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True or false: Almost all smokers start as teens
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true
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True or false: Tobacco is not addictive
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false
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Can effects of tobacco use be seen very soon after a person starts smoking?
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yes
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List the long-terms of nicotine and tobacco use
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- bronchitis - emphysema - chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) - heart and artery diseases - cancer - tooth decay - gum disease - reduces oxygen to brain - narrows blood vessels - increases heart rate and blood pressure - damages immune system - etc.
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What are bronchi?
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large tubes that make up the lungs
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What are bronchioles?
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smaller tubes that make up the lungs
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What are the alveoli?
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- tiny air sacks at the end of the bronchioles - destination of air we breathe in
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What is cilia?
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- tiny "broomlike" hairs located within the lungs that remove mucus and pollutants from the lungs - cigarette smoke paralyzes and kills cilia
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What is the trachea?
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- the breathing tube that connects the mouth to the lungs - runs through the lower neck and chest just to the front of the esophagus - carries air to lungs
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What is the larynx?
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- a muscular structure at the top of the trachea, containing the vocal cords - often referred to as voice box
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What is bronchitis?
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- known as smoker's cough - coughing is a protective reaction of the body to toxins in cigarette smoke
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True or false: All smokers have chronic bronchitis to some degree or another
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true
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What is sputum?
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- a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract - smokers produce an excess amount of sputum because of the irritation cigarette smoke causes in the lungs
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What is emphysema?
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- a respiratory disease in which air cannot move in and out of the lungs because the alveoli become blocked or lose their elasticity - worsens over time - type of progressive suffocation - person cannot breathe normally and is unable to get enough oxygen to the body
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What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder?
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- combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema - 3rd leading cause of death for Americans
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How many people die each year from heart and artery disease caused by cigarettes?
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approximately 170,000 people
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How does smoking cause heart disease?
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- nicotine narrows blood vessels restricting blood flow - nicotine speeds up the heart rate - smoking makes blood sticky, causing plaque buildup - carbon monoxide blocks the blood from carrying oxygen
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What is artherosclerosis?
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hardening of the arteries occurs when the walls of the arteries become stiff from the acceleration of plaque buildup in the arteries, restricting the flow of blood which carries oxygen and nutrients
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What is a stroke?
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a sudden attack of weakness of paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted
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What is lung cancer?
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- most deadly cancer - spreads to other parts of the body - currently kills more people than any other type of cancer
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What is leukoplakia?
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- precancerous growth that can occur in the mouths of tobacco users - characterized by thickened white patches on the lips, tongue, or other mucus
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True or false: People are still exposed to harmful chemicals in cigarettes even if they do not smoke
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true
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What is mainstream smoke?
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smoke that is inhaled directly through a tobacco product and exhaled by a tobacco smokers
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What is sidestream smoke?
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- smoke that escapes from the tip of the cigarette, cigar, or pipe - can be as much as half of the smoke from a cigarette
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What is secondhand smoke?
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- combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke - inhaled by anyone near the smoker (passive smoker) - 85% of cigarette smoke goes into the air - also called environmental smoke
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True or false: Lung cancer caused by environmental smoke kills 4,000 nonsmokers in the US each year
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false; 3,000 nonsmokers
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What is thirdhand smoke?
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- residual nicotine, toxins, carcinogens, and other chemicals left on a variety of indoor surfaces long after a cigarette has been extinguished - also known as residual smoke - especially harmful to children and those with compromised immune systems
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True or false: Chemicals from cigarette smoke pass through the placenta to the developing infant and affect the baby the same way they affect the mother
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true
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What can smoking while pregnant lead to?
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- miscarriage - premature birth - low birth weight - risk for SIDS
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What is a miscarriage?
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- the lay term used to designate the loss of the fetus before it is viable - within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
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What is sudden infant death syndrome?
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- a condition in which infants die in their sleep for unknown reasons - babies who live with smokers have a higher risk of SIDS
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True or false: Passive smoking contributes to more than 150,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies
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true
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List several reasons why people use tobacco
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- family and friends - misconceptions - advertising - curiosity - rebellion
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List ways that tobacco use costs the family
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- over $1,500 per year for buying tobacco products - lost wages due to illness - medical bills - funeral costs
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True or false: 20% of premature deaths in the US are caused by tobacco use
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true
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List ways that tobacco costs the society
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- society has to pay about $138 billion per year in financial costs due to smoking - high # of accidental fires
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True or false: Selling tobacco to anyone under 18 years of age is legal
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false
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What is nicotine replacement therapy?
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- a form of medicine that delivers a small amount of nicotine to the body to help a person quit smoking - meant to help smoker "wean" off of nicotine - nicotine patches and nicotine gum
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What is cold turkey?
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- the all-at-once quitter - someone who stops smoking abruptly and completely - only 5/100 people who try to quit smoking permanently succeed - 4 factors = - making decision to quit - choosing a quit day and making a plan - dealing with withdrawal - staying tobacco free
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What are the withdrawal symptoms?
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- mental (80%) intense cravings, tension, depression, etc. - physical (20%) headaches, chest tightness, difficulty sleeping, etc.
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True or false: The difference between the life expectancy of the average smoker and that of a person who does not use tobacco is about 10-20 years (15 years average)
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true
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What are neck breathers? What can't neck breathers do?
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- smokers who had to get a hole through their neck in order to breathe - they cannot swim, shower, blow out candles, or wear a seatbelt
