TlTS – Flashcard

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public opinion
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citizens attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events, when aggregates together are known as
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what people want
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preferences reflect
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beliefs reflect what people know, preferences reflect what people want
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what is the difference between preferences and beliefs?
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NYSE
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what is NOT a major source of Americans's political values?
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political ideology
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the set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which an individual understands and interprets politics is his or her
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agents of political socialization
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family, group membership, education, and prevailing political conditions are examples of
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liberal or conservative
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in the United States today, people often describe themselves politically by using the labels
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rationally ignorant
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A person who decides not to invest time and energy to study political issues is said to be
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priming and framing
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the two primary pathways through which media coverage shapes what people think are
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saliency
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an impression conveyed by polls that something is important to the public when actually it is not is known as the illusion of
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liberal
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in today's terms, someone who generally supports extensive government intervention in the economy is known as a
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push polling
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A survey question ask, "if you knew that Miller, a senatorial candidate, was addicted to drugs and raised taxes four times, would you support him in the upcoming election?
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the Bradley effect
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which of the following is NOT an important problem in measuring public opinion?
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moral hazard
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the inability of principals to know all aspects of the actions taken by an agent who represents them is an example of
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is unaffected by registration laws
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all of the following are true of voter turnout in American politics EXCEPT that it
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all adult white males to vote
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by the 19th century, America was unusually democratic because it allowed:
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quite low
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relative to other Western democracies, voter turnout in the US is
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representatives in the House and Senate combined
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in presidential elections, every state is allocated votes in the Electoral College equal to the number of
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plurality
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which type of electoral system is generally used in the US?
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majority system
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the type of electoral system in which a candidate must receive more than 50% of all votes cast in the district to win is called
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primary and general
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Political campaigns in the US occur in 2 stages, known as the ___ campaigns
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party identification
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the single strongest predictor of how (not if ) a person votes is:
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valence
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Unlike spatial issues, ____ issues cannot be ordered in terms of the possible options
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retrospective voting
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Voting choices that are based on the past performance of incumbents are known as
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office
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as opposed to interest groups, political parties are composed mostly of ____ seekers
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the ability to raise money
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when recruiting candidates, parties typically look for candidates who have an unblemished record and
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to check presidential power
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which is NOT a reason political parties form?
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primary elections
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in modern American politics, most candidate are nominated to elected office through
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open
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a primary elections in which individuals declare their party declaration on the actual day of the primary election is a ____ primary
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brand-name recognition
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political parties effectively lower the information costs of voter participation because they provide
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party identificaiton
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an individual voter's psychological attachment to one party or another is called
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independents
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among the youngest group of Americans today, the majority describe themselves as
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solidly democratic to solidly republican region
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over the last 30 years, the south has transitioned from being a
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Latino/as
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america's most rapidly growing electoral bloc, won overwhelmingly by Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 is
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90%
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currently about what percentage of AA describe themselves as democrats?
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the "gender gap"
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in american electoral politics, the difference between men, and women in presidential voting is known as
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providing voters with a kind of party "brand-name" that simplifies their choice of candidate
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political parties facilitate mass electoral choice by
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major parties often co-opt popular third-party platform planks
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which of the following is NOT one of the reasons given by the text for why third parties tend to be short-lived?
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policies of government
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Interest groups of lobbyists tend to concern themselves with
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allow them to exist and compete
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according to James Madison in Federalist 10, what is the best way to curb the dangers of interest groups?
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pluralism
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the theory that all interests should be free to compete for the influence in the government, yielding compromise and moderation, is known as
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well-educated, upper-income professionals
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interest groups tend to reflect the bias of
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common interests among individuals automatically lead to organized action
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In The Logic of Collective Action, Mancur Olsen challenged the pluralist assumption that
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selective benefits
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according to Mancur Olsen, the solution to the collective action problem is
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prisoner's dilemma
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an example of a collective action problem that explains why cooperation in groups can be difficult to achieve is the
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informational benefits
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special newsletters, training programs, and conference provided to members of interest groups to entice others to join are examples or
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solidarity benefits
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which benefits are selective benefits given to members that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness-raising
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meeting with a senator
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in the quest for political influence, insider strategies include:
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going public
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in the quest for political influence, outsider strategies include:
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lobbying
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an attempt by a group to influence the policy process through persuasion of government officials is known as
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Buckley v. Valeo
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In what case did the Supreme Court rule that "money is speech"?
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initiative
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A device that allows groups to propose laws that the public will vote in the next general election, thereby passing elected officials is an
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agenda-setting power
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the referendum, initiative, and recall all entail shifts in the
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they are really an industry
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Why are the mass media one of the most unusual political institutions?
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print and broadcast
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until the mid-1990s there was really just two classes of media
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television news
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which news source reaches more Americans than any other single news source?
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the broadcast media largely cover stories already broken down by major newspapers
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newspapers remain an important source of news because:
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tends to be dominated by conservatives
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talk radio
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
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which federal agency regulates broadcast media?
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the equal time rule
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the requirement that broadcasters must provide all candidates for the same political office the opportunity to communicate their messages to the public is known as
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centralized
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following the passage of the Telecommunications Act in 1996, media ownership in the US became more
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second amendment
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which is NOT one of the 3 major factors affecting news coverage?
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democrats and liberal outnumber republicans and conservatives
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surveys of journalists have revealed that
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consumers
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because print and broadcast media are businesses seeking a profit, they must cater to the preferences of
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the internet is not bound by the same journalistic standards as print media
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which of the following is NOT an advantage of the internet for news purposes?
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established "one person one vote" Formalized in the Apportionment Act (1967) Single-member districts (SMDs)
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Baker v. Carr (1962)
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Spending money = free speech rights
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Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
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Ruled the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) 2002 unconstitutional - corporate contributions to PACs now unlimited
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Citizens' United v. FEC (2010)
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Ruled individuals may contribute to as many candidates as they wish (although a cap on contributions to a single candidate remains)
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McCutcheon v. FEC (2014)
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set a high legal threshold for "prior restraint" (government efforts to prevent the publication of harmful material)
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Near v. Minnesota (1931)
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rejected "prior restraint" argument (also known as the Pentagon Papers case)
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New York Times v. United States (1971)
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held that to be deemed libel a story had to "be untrue and result from actual malice"
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New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
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the Jury Theorem
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The idea that a majority of a group is more likely to reach a correct decision than would a single individual who heard the same facts is
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equality of opportunity, liberty, and democracy
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Today in America there is widespread agreement on fundamental political values such as
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agents of political socialization
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Family, group membership and education are examples of
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initiative
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A device that allows groups to propose laws that the public will vote on in the next general election, thereby bypassing elected officials is a(n)
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prior restraint
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In the case of New York Times v. United States, also known as the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled against
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