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public opinion

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citizens attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events, when aggregates together are known as

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what people want

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preferences reflect

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beliefs reflect what people know, preferences reflect what people want

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what is the difference between preferences and beliefs?

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NYSE

answer

what is NOT a major source of Americans's political values?

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political ideology

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the set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which an individual understands and interprets politics is his or her

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agents of political socialization

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family, group membership, education, and prevailing political conditions are examples of

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liberal or conservative

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in the United States today, people often describe themselves politically by using the labels

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rationally ignorant

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A person who decides not to invest time and energy to study political issues is said to be

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priming and framing

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the two primary pathways through which media coverage shapes what people think are

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saliency

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an impression conveyed by polls that something is important to the public when actually it is not is known as the illusion of

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liberal

answer

in today's terms, someone who generally supports extensive government intervention in the economy is known as a

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push polling

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A survey question ask, "if you knew that Miller, a senatorial candidate, was addicted to drugs and raised taxes four times, would you support him in the upcoming election?

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the Bradley effect

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which of the following is NOT an important problem in measuring public opinion?

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moral hazard

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the inability of principals to know all aspects of the actions taken by an agent who represents them is an example of

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is unaffected by registration laws

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all of the following are true of voter turnout in American politics EXCEPT that it

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all adult white males to vote

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by the 19th century, America was unusually democratic because it allowed:

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quite low

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relative to other Western democracies, voter turnout in the US is

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representatives in the House and Senate combined

answer

in presidential elections, every state is allocated votes in the Electoral College equal to the number of

question

plurality

answer

which type of electoral system is generally used in the US?

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majority system

answer

the type of electoral system in which a candidate must receive more than 50% of all votes cast in the district to win is called

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primary and general

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Political campaigns in the US occur in 2 stages, known as the ___ campaigns

question

party identification

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the single strongest predictor of how (not if ) a person votes is:

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valence

answer

Unlike spatial issues, ____ issues cannot be ordered in terms of the possible options

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retrospective voting

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Voting choices that are based on the past performance of incumbents are known as

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office

answer

as opposed to interest groups, political parties are composed mostly of ____ seekers

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the ability to raise money

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when recruiting candidates, parties typically look for candidates who have an unblemished record and

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to check presidential power

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which is NOT a reason political parties form?

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primary elections

answer

in modern American politics, most candidate are nominated to elected office through

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open

answer

a primary elections in which individuals declare their party declaration on the actual day of the primary election is a ____ primary

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brand-name recognition

answer

political parties effectively lower the information costs of voter participation because they provide

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party identificaiton

answer

an individual voter's psychological attachment to one party or another is called

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independents

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among the youngest group of Americans today, the majority describe themselves as

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solidly democratic to solidly republican region

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over the last 30 years, the south has transitioned from being a

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Latino/as

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america's most rapidly growing electoral bloc, won overwhelmingly by Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 is

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90%

answer

currently about what percentage of AA describe themselves as democrats?

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the "gender gap"

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in american electoral politics, the difference between men, and women in presidential voting is known as

question

providing voters with a kind of party "brand-name" that simplifies their choice of candidate

answer

political parties facilitate mass electoral choice by

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major parties often co-opt popular third-party platform planks

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which of the following is NOT one of the reasons given by the text for why third parties tend to be short-lived?

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policies of government

answer

Interest groups of lobbyists tend to concern themselves with

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allow them to exist and compete

answer

according to James Madison in Federalist 10, what is the best way to curb the dangers of interest groups?

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pluralism

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the theory that all interests should be free to compete for the influence in the government, yielding compromise and moderation, is known as

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well-educated, upper-income professionals

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interest groups tend to reflect the bias of

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common interests among individuals automatically lead to organized action

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In The Logic of Collective Action, Mancur Olsen challenged the pluralist assumption that

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selective benefits

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according to Mancur Olsen, the solution to the collective action problem is

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prisoner's dilemma

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an example of a collective action problem that explains why cooperation in groups can be difficult to achieve is the

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informational benefits

answer

special newsletters, training programs, and conference provided to members of interest groups to entice others to join are examples or

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solidarity benefits

answer

which benefits are selective benefits given to members that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness-raising

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meeting with a senator

answer

in the quest for political influence, insider strategies include:

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going public

answer

in the quest for political influence, outsider strategies include:

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lobbying

answer

an attempt by a group to influence the policy process through persuasion of government officials is known as

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Buckley v. Valeo

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In what case did the Supreme Court rule that "money is speech"?

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initiative

answer

A device that allows groups to propose laws that the public will vote in the next general election, thereby passing elected officials is an

question

agenda-setting power

answer

the referendum, initiative, and recall all entail shifts in the

question

they are really an industry

answer

Why are the mass media one of the most unusual political institutions?

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print and broadcast

answer

until the mid-1990s there was really just two classes of media

question

television news

answer

which news source reaches more Americans than any other single news source?

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the broadcast media largely cover stories already broken down by major newspapers

answer

newspapers remain an important source of news because:

question

tends to be dominated by conservatives

answer

talk radio

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

answer

which federal agency regulates broadcast media?

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the equal time rule

answer

the requirement that broadcasters must provide all candidates for the same political office the opportunity to communicate their messages to the public is known as

question

centralized

answer

following the passage of the Telecommunications Act in 1996, media ownership in the US became more

question

second amendment

answer

which is NOT one of the 3 major factors affecting news coverage?

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democrats and liberal outnumber republicans and conservatives

answer

surveys of journalists have revealed that

question

consumers

answer

because print and broadcast media are businesses seeking a profit, they must cater to the preferences of

question

the internet is not bound by the same journalistic standards as print media

answer

which of the following is NOT an advantage of the internet for news purposes?

question

established "one person one vote" Formalized in the Apportionment Act (1967) Single-member districts (SMDs)

answer

Baker v. Carr (1962)

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Spending money = free speech rights

answer

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

question

Ruled the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) 2002 unconstitutional - corporate contributions to PACs now unlimited

answer

Citizens' United v. FEC (2010)

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Ruled individuals may contribute to as many candidates as they wish (although a cap on contributions to a single candidate remains)

answer

McCutcheon v. FEC (2014)

question

set a high legal threshold for "prior restraint" (government efforts to prevent the publication of harmful material)

answer

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

question

rejected "prior restraint" argument (also known as the Pentagon Papers case)

answer

New York Times v. United States (1971)

question

held that to be deemed libel a story had to "be untrue and result from actual malice"

answer

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

question

the Jury Theorem

answer

The idea that a majority of a group is more likely to reach a correct decision than would a single individual who heard the same facts is

question

equality of opportunity, liberty, and democracy

answer

Today in America there is widespread agreement on fundamental political values such as

question

agents of political socialization

answer

Family, group membership and education are examples of

question

initiative

answer

A device that allows groups to propose laws that the public will vote on in the next general election, thereby bypassing elected officials is a(n)

question

prior restraint

answer

In the case of New York Times v. United States, also known as the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled against

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