THINK Sociology: Chapter 9- Race and Ethnicity – Flashcards

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Race
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socially-defined classification of people based on certain physical attributes
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Ethnicity
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set of cultural, linguistic, or ancestral characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group Ex. set of cultural, linguistic, or ancestral characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group
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Ethnic group
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those who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
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Visible minorities
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persons, other than Indigenous peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour
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Ethnic mosaic
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ethnic peoples coexisting, and participating in common institutions
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Racial and ethnic identity factors
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relative size; power; appearance; and discrimination
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Ethnic enclaves
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neighbourhoods where individuals from similar cultural live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group
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Minority group
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social category that occupies a subordinate rank in a social hierarchy
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Dominant group
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those who hold the greatest power but not necessarily the greatest numbers
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Racism
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ideology that views one racial group as inherently superior to another
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Prejudice
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negative attitudes about an entire social category of people
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Stereotypes
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beliefs people form about entire groups, usually based on a false assumption
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Discrimination
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unfair actions directed against people based on their social category
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Segregation
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forced separation due to race, gender, or ethnicity
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Voluntary migration
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willing movement of people from one society to another
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Migrant subordination
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more powerful group conquers an indigenous population
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Indigenous superordination
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subordination of an immigrant group to a dominant one
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Expulsion
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forcible removal of a minority from their homeland
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Confinement
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forcible imprisonment of a minority
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Ethnic cleansing
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persecution through imprisonment, expulsion, or murder of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity in majority-controlled territory
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Multiculturalism
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belief that supports the inherent value of different cultures within society
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Assimilation
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when racial or ethnic groups are absorbed by adopting the dominant group's culture
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Pluralistic minorities
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groups that enter into an area voluntarily Seek to maintain own culture but want the dominant culture as well
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Assimilationist minorities
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groups that shed their old ways and integrate into society
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Secessionist minorities
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groups voluntarily decide to separate from the dominant group Ex. Mennonites
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Militant minorities
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seek to overthrow the existing system Ex. Ghandi or Fidel castro
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Conflict theorist
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racism is the result of one group wanting to maintain its power and advantage over another
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Split labour-market theory
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conflict develops among three economic classes: business owners; higher-paid labour; and cheaper labor
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Symbolic interactionists
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stress the importance of symbol and language in the production and reproduction of racism
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Color-blind racism
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idea that racism exists in more subtle ways
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Bonilla-Silva Factors
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-whites tend to hold onto ideals such as equality, individualism, and choice in an effort to explain why racial groups are disadvantaged; -white people often use cultural stereotypes to explain racial inequality. -there is a false belief that segregation is a personal choice -many whites believe that racism is a thing of the past
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Functionalists
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argue that the inequality between racial or ethnic groups has a social purpose
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Institutional discrimination
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any systemic bias embedded in an existing social structure that deprives some groups of equal access
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Affirmative action
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social policy designed to help minority groups gain opportunities through employment and education
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Intersectionality
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view that women experience oppression based on a variety of minority statuses
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Genocide
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deliberate elimination of a minority through mass murder
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