The World Is Flat Of Essay Example

position that today’s globalized economic system is the consequence of the prostration of Berlin Wall in 1989. It was an juncture that indicated the decease mound for many things. including the province controlled and well-designed economic theoretical account of the Soviet dominated socialist provinces. More significantly the universe was no longer seen as being polarized between two contrasting political orientations.

The two sides started to talk and more significantly started trade with each other. and what was before seen as undefeatable hurdle to planetary economic integrating had at last been overcome.The importance of the juncture can non be downplayed but it was non the beginning of globalism as we know it today. In a manner of talking the injudicious flock had seen the mistake of their ways and was now ready to be brought back into the crease. Ritzer ( 2007 ) has discussed in his book.

The Blackwell comrade to globalisation. that how Friedman explained the beginning of globalisation with the autumn of Berlin Wall in November. 1989. “He ( Friedman ) treats the event as a cardinal measure that opened the manner for the others and as an iconic representation of the overall displacement. ” ( Ritzer 70 )Stiglitz.

who is considered a critic of the current signifier of globalisation. is of the position that economic theory does non state that each one will win from globalisation but. merely that the net additions will be positive. The inquiry is non whether or non there are additions from globalisation but instead sharing of those additions. Do the additions drip down to the also-rans at whose disbursal they are made? It is this issue forms

the root of the argument. Ritzer ( 2009 ) in his other book.

Globalization: a basic text. discussed Stiglitz’s statement about globalisation and how it can be used for economic development. particularly of hapless states. “Stiglitz argues that economic globalisation can be a positive force and can enrich everyone in the universe.

including the hapless. ” ( Ritzer 188 )In the first portion of The World is Flat. Friedman talks about how the universe became level. He says that there are 10 forces that became causes of the flattening of the universe. They are: the prostration of the Berlin Wall ; Netscape ; work flow package ; uploading ; outsourcing ; offshoring ; insourcing ; in-forming ; and the steroids.

Mansbach and Rhodes ( 2008 ) discussed 10 forces of Friedman and state that his contentions are fundamentally the latest in a series of exaggerated visions that besides include the terminal of history and the convergence of gustatory sensations. Aware that these 10 forces could non hold caused the universe to turn into level on their ain. Friedman goes on to give inside informations what he describes as the ternary convergence. He clarifies that the ternary convergence is the method in which the 10 forces converged to further flatten the planetary playing field. Friedman goes on to specify the method in which provinces will go accustomed to the ternary convergence in what he calls the great screening out.In the 2nd portion of The World is Flat.

explored “America and the level world” . He uses David Ricardo’s free-trade theory of comparative advantage to do his statement that free trade is merely in the involvement of

America. Ricardo’s theory specifies that is each state concentrates on the production of goods in which it has a comparative cost advantage and so trades with other states for the goods in which they concentrate. there will be an overall addition in trade. and overall earning degrees should lift in each trading economic system.

Friedman is of the position that Ricardo is still right. It is in 2nd subdivision of the book that Friedman explains the right material to do it in a level universe ; doing statement that there are five skill sets or attitudes needed: the ability to larn how to larn ; pilotage accomplishments ; CQ +PQ & gt ; IQ ; Plays good with others ; and the right encephalon material ( Friedman 321 ) .Friedman negotiations about developing provinces and the level universe in the following subdivision of his book. He said that developing states must develop policies of self-contemplation. committedness to more unfastened and competitory markets.

and the development of instruction. substructure. and administration. along with set uping business-friendly environments. Duncan.

Jancar-Webster and Switky ( 2008 ) has discussed Friedman’s construct of globalisation. For illustration. how globalisation can take to a democratic universe. play its function for cut downing poorness and set up higher criterions of populating developing states.

Friedman uses Ireland to demo a state that developed these policies and flourishes in the level universe. He goes on to state that unfastened civilizations are more opportunities of success in the level universe than closed civilizations. For depicting why some states win and some non. he explains what he calls the intangible things: a willing society and leaders with vision.The

undermentioned subdivision of The World is Flat negotiations about corporations and the level universe.

Friedman develops seven regulations that he learned from his scrutiny and research of certain companies. The first regulation is “When the universe goes level – and you are experiencing flattened – range for a shovel and excavation inside yourself. Don’t attempt to construct walls. ” ( Friedman 340 ) The 2nd regulation is “And the little shall move big…” followed by the 3rd regulation.

“And the large shall move small…” ( Friedman 340 ) The 4th regulation he learned was that “The best companies are the best collaborators” ( Friedman 340 ) . Friedman is of the position that in a level universe the best corporations stay strong by acquiring regular chest X raies. The 6th regulation he explains is that “the best companies outsource to win. non to shrink” ( Friedman 461 ) .

Friedman’s concluding regulation is that “Outsourcing isn’t merely for Benedict Arnolds. It’s besides for idealists” . ( Friedman 461 ) Friedman so describes some of the evidences why the flattening of the universe could travel wrong.He makes statement that there are certain groups of people that the universe may non flatten. including: those who are excessively ill.

excessively disempowered. and the excessively defeated. In the concluding subdivision of the book. Friedman argues that there are opposing manners of imaginativeness at work in society. For doing this statement. he compares 11/9 to 9/11.

It is in this portion of the book that Friedman implies that merely because the engineering exists. does non intend that it can support us. Peoples and societies must utilize their ideas decently. Ritzer

( 2007 ) says that Friedman has an highly positive vision of globalisation.

He says Friedman sees globalisation as affecting the democratisation of engineering. finance. and information.Stiglitz identifies that every province has a alone history. civilization. and social make-up.

These characteristics will set up different restraints onto the state. but whose function should reflect the abilities for the authorities. This is fundamentally the same statement as of old: the form that authorities should be allowed to maintain is one in which it can move as a caring usher to the market. Ervin and Smith ( 2008 ) say that Stiglitz gives a good presentation of the broad institutionlists statement. They say Stiglitz has written that economic globalisation holds a serious malfunction.

They discussed how Stiglitz has explained that wealth is traveling from hapless to rich and from rich to hapless. They have explained the thought of Stiglitz in which he says that merely few provinces are the donees of globalisation.Stiglitz has merely used the tools of the other societal scientific disciplines to acknowledge the best manner that non-market forces can be brought to work for the market. One might separate this as being good or bad. but we must maintain in head that. merely as early development economic sciences was permeated with a peculiar doctrine and goaded towards peculiar ends.

it is possible that it remains so today. Whether or non the cardinal political orientation or ends have changed today is less important than the fact that its intrenchment within the taking Western political. educational. and societal establishments is accurately what has allowed it to determine the manner in which we think about growing.

If

it is allowable to infringe upon the domain of the other societal scientific disciplines without proper critical sentiment. it might farther cut down our capableness to look at different development doctrines or patterns independently.Rizvi and Lingard ( 2010 ) have discussed Stiglitz’s optimism about globalisation where he thinks that it has the possible to convey immense benefits to both the rich and hapless provinces. “The job is non with globalisation itself but in the manner in which globalisation has been managed” ( Stiglitz 4 ) . Stiglitz’s conjectural statement remainders on the rule that markets are ne'er complete or ideal. and that if this is so.

the concealed manus of the alleged free markets can non be expected to work cleanly either peculiarly in the development states. where the information required doing of import economic determinations is frequently both missing and mediated by corrupt leaders.Notwithstanding all the disapprobation that globalisation attracts there are no calls to return to protectionist isolation. “Globalization does still holds the possible to increase life criterions and advantages put frontward by advocates such as Jeffrey D. Sachs are non unrealistic. ” ( Stiglitz 121 ) .

Even Stiglitz. who is considered a ego admitted ferocious critic of globalisation. denies that he is component of the anti-globalization motion. He considers that right managed globalisation has immense potency. The today’s universe is acquiring progressively mutualist. turning the demand to move together but ne'er has the assurance in establishments such as the IMF.

WTO and the World Bank been lower.Harmonizing to Stiglitz. the common thought of the unfavorable judgments of such planetary establishments seem to be that they are dominated by and act in

the involvement of the richer provinces such as the United States. a state that has shown small involvement in supranational establishments or many-sided enterprises. The IMF. for case.

is enormously dominated by the United States in footings of vote rights. They state hold 16. 77 per centum the 2nd highest is held by Japan at 6. 02 per centum.

by comparing China hold 3. 66 per centum about the same as Italy. The clear bulk clasp less than 1 percent many of the less developed states hold less than 0. 01 per centum.Stiglitz is of the position that globalisation is non some predictable scenario.

there have been reverse and more are likely. The demand is obvious for a managed attack ; one that does non jump itself to safe guarding investor concern. Friedman chiefly uses a mixture of an empirical and logical technique. The American Heritage Dictionary explains empirical as being derived from and incontrovertible by observation and logical as being based on old or otherwise known statements. events. or conditions.

Scholarly thesiss. chief paperss. conversations. and interviews are the major beginnings that Friedman uses to develop his theory.In the subdivision of the book. where Friedman dealt with companies and the free universe.

he supports his statement with concrete observations he made while researching companies for the book ; he gives a figure of illustrations to back up and develop his statement. Along with Stanley Fischer. the former deputy-managing manager of the IMF. Friedman identifies that one good illustration is worth a 1000 premises ( Friedman 629 ) . For the most portion. uses a battalion of good illustrations to back up his theory.

There

are topographic points in the book where Friedman seemed failed to develop his theory clearly and leaves room for dissension.Friedman discussed in the book his conversation with Yale alumnus pupil Eric Stern to present the construct of gender difference in science-related occupations ; the job is that he provides no elucidation of the thought. Friedman theory would hold been more clearly developed by adding knowing grounds and concrete illustrations to clear up the construct. He gave a great trade of clip explicating the importance of callings in scientific discipline. while he simply touches on the significance of callings outside of the field of scientific discipline. He merely says that one should make what you love in order to last in a level universe.

Compared with his in deepness instructions for scientists. Friedman’s deficiency of apprehensiveness with the intent of non-scientists in society foliages room for argument.Largely. Friedman’s theory that the universe is level due to the grading of the planetary playing field is obviously developed.

The building that he employs AIDSs in simplifying his compound statement and specifying what it is he is seeking to state. A obscure development in Friedman’s statement that the universe is level could originate from his description of Globalization 3. 0. He explains Globalization 3. 0 as “shrinking the universe from a size little to a size tiny” ( Friedman 10 ) .

For disregarding the dissension that a bantam universe does non automatically connote a level universe. Friedman goes on to state that Globalization 3. 0 is flattening the playing field at the same clip.Throughout the book. Friedman maintains his statement with both informations and facts. He uses the

information he collected from interaction with people during his travel around the universe.

He besides uses a figure of scholarly plants in support of his theory. including: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ . the Communist Manifesto ; David Lande’s. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations ; and David Ricardo’s free-trade theory of comparative advantage. Friedman besides uses facts and chief paperss to back up his theory that the planetary competitory playing field has been leveled. such as the 9/11 Commission Report.

On the footing of Friedman’s statement that the universe is level. there are certain things that public leaders need to acknowledge about the alterations globalisation has brought approximately. In instance of developing states. leaders need to integrate policies of self-contemplation. dedication to more unfastened and competitory markets.

and the development of instruction. substructure. and administration. along with developing business-friendly environments. Friedman is of the position that politicians should hold a vision for the development of their counties. His book goes on to state that the corporations that have managed to last and turn are those that can understand the importance of alteration and prepared for it.

Harmonizing to Friedman. globalisation has brought about immense alteration in society ; successful leaders must be capable to familiarise themselves to these alterations and come up with ways in which to utilize the chances of globalisation.A successful leader must besides be able to develop get bying mechanisms for the new demands associated with globalisation. All of this goes along with the thought of the class. Well-organized leaders are experimental. mind.

and flexible. all of which are indispensable to last the increasing gait of globalisation. In a mode. Friedman argues

that American’s should be leaders in the level universe ; he thinks that they must put an illustration and go the best planetary citizens possible. Friedman uses an agreement of rational and experiential methods to help in obviously developing his theory that the universe is level.

Harmonizing to Friedman. globalisation has brought about a figure of alterations that leaders must understand and familiarise themselves to in order to last in a level universe.Plants CitedDuncan. W. Raymond. Barbara.

Jancar-Webster and Switky. Bob. _World Politics in the 21st century_ . Stamford: Cengage Learning.

2008.Ervin. Justin and Smith. Zachary Alden.

_Globalization: a mention handbook_ . California: ABC-CLIO. 2008.Jones.

Andrew. _Globalization: Cardinal Thinkers. _ Cambridge: Civil order. 2010.Mansbach.

Richard W. and Rhodes. Edward Rhodes. _Global political relations in a changing world_ . Stamford: Cengage Learning.

2008.Ritzer. George. _The Blackwell comrade to globalization_ . Hoboken. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.

2007.Ritzer. George_ . Globalization: a basic text.

_ Hoboken. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons. 2009.Rizvi. Fazal and Lingard.

Bob. _Globalizing instruction policy_ . New York: CSIS. 2010.