The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review – Flashcards
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All of the following people helped create a distinct American literature EXCEPT
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Sydney Smith.
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All of the following were American authors creating distinctively American literature EXCEPT
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Asher Durand.
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Americans contributed which of the following advances to medical science in the 1800s?
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-William Morton's use of either as an anesthetic. -Oliver Wendell Holmes's discovery that disease could be transmitted from person to person.
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Both Perfectionists and Shakers
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redefined traditional gender roles.
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Due to their commitment to _____, all Shakers had to choose the faith for themselves.
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celibacy
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During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the
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absence of basic knowledge about disease.
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Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, was
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"The Raven".
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Edgar Allan Poe's work focused on individuals who were experiencing
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emotions of sadness and terror.
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How did Americans respond to the cholera epidemics of the 1830s and 1840s?
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-Threats to public health led to increased interest in new health theories. -Community health boards were created to address the spread of disease.
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How did anti-abolitionist sentiments affect the abolitionist movement in the late 1830s?
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Increased violence toward abolitionists created factions within the movement.
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How did free blacks in the North feel toward the slaves?
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They were empathetic and became actively involved in the abolition movement.
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How did Henry David Thoreau's beliefs shape his relationship with government?
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He refused to support any government that did not match his personal morals.
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How did William Lloyd Garrison negatively affect the abolitionist movement?
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His positions became radical, which troubled many in the movement.
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In his youth, Ralph Waldo Emerson
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was a Unitarian minister, until he left the clergy in 1832.
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In "Nature" (1836), __________ __________ __________ described a quest for fulfillment through communion with the natural world.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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In order to practice his philosophy of withdrawing from society to live a simple life, Henry David Thoreau built a small cabin
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near Walden Pond.
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In the 1840s, abolitionists in the United States constituted
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a small percentage of the national population.
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In the early nineteenth century, the American Colonization Society
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was founded by white Virginians opposed to slavery.
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In the mid-nineteenth century, romanticism
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None of these answers is correct.
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In the mid-nineteenth century, the general European attitude toward American art and literature
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was that American artists had little to offer Europe.
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In the Oneida Community, women were protected from unwanted _____, while the most distinctive feature of Shakerism was _____.
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childbearing: celibacy
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In the West, missionaries established schools for American Indians, believing that
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Indians could be "civilized" by learning how to assimilate to white culture.
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One of the first communities of transcendentalists was
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Brook Farm.
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One of the most enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was
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Oneida.
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Popular nineteenth-century American painting aimed to capture
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the wonder and awe of rugged, wild landscapes.
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Prior to 1860, public education in the United States
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gave the nation one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
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Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be
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strongly opposed to southern slavery.
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Prior to the Civil War, the Liberty Party
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promoted "free soil".
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Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the
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Quakers.
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Reform movements emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century in part because of a
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desire for social stability and discipline in the face of change.
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Romantic authors in the South were more likely than writers in the North to
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defend the southern way of life, including slavery.
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Shaker societies
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saw women exercise more power than men.
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Solitary confinement was meant to give prisoners opportunities to meditate on their wrongdoings and develop "__________."
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penitence
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Southern antebellum writers often wrote
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historical romances.
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The antislavery movement in the early 1800s was based on the idea of
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colonization.
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The black abolitionist who called for uncompromising opposition to and a violent overthrow of slavery in his 1829 An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World was
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David Walker.
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The early feminist movement began at a world antislavery convention when
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American women delegates were turned away.
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The first great American school of painters was known as the __________ __________ School.
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Hudson River
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The founders of the Perkins School for the Blind believed that
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even the blind or handicapped could discover inner strength and wisdom.
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The great network of institutions and charitable services for handicapped individuals that developed during the prewar years was known as the
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Benevolent Empire.
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The Hudson River school of painters emphasized in their work the importance of
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natural beauty.
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The Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was
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Dorothea Dix.
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The meeting at Seneca Falls in 1848 generated a statement on women's rights patterned on the
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Declaration of Independence.
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The most important and popular American painters of the early nineteenth century
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considered untamed nature the best source of inspiration......????
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The nineteenth-century Protestant revivalist movement, known as the __________ __________ Awakening, was based on the idea that everyone was capable of salvation and spiritual rebirth.
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Second Great
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The primary goal of the 1840s community experiment known as Brook Farm was to
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permit all members to realize their full potential as individual beings.
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The prison reform movement sought to rehabilitate inmates through
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-solitary confinement. -silence on prison work crews.
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The pseudoscience of __________ made inferences about individuals' intelligence and character by studying the shape of their skull.
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phrenology
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The Second Great Awakening combined which two elements of nineteenth-century American culture?
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-reform movements. -Protestant revivalism.
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The Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
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led to the passage of "personal liberty laws".
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The tradition of American regional humor established by the southern literary realists found its most powerful voice in the works of
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Mark Twain.
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The transcendentalists defined reason as an individual's
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capacity to grasp truth and beauty by expressing emotions.
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The transcendentalists defined understanding as an individual's
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capacity to repress instincts and to use the intellect to learn by rote.
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The transcendentalists viewed nature as a
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source of deep personal inspiration.
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The transcendentalists were among the first Americans to
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anticipate the environmental movement of the twentieth century.
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Through novels such as The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper examined the significance of
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America's westward expansion.
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Uncle Tom's Cabin gained national popularity in the mid-nineteenth century by being reproduced in which of the following forms?
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-theatrical production. -novel.
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Upon which document in American History is the language of the Declaration of Sentiments based?
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Declaration of Independence
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Walt Whitman's poetry helped make _____ one of the defining ideals of antebellum America.
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individualism
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What has been the effect of marriage on women, according to the document?
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Husbands essentially become masters.
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What is the effect on the morality of women that results from male privileges, according to the Declaration?
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Women become irresponsible.
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What is the position of the Declaration of Sentiments on the question of female suffrage?
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It is an inalienable right.
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What most distinguished James Fenimore Cooper as a truly American novelist?
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He celebrated the American wilderness.
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What was the biggest problem facing American medicine in the first half of the nineteenth century?
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Doctors had little understanding of how disease was spread.
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What was the result for women who owned property in their own name?
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They were taxed without representation.
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What was unique about William Lloyd Garrison's philosophy of abolition?
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-He believed abolitionists should view slavery from the point of view of slaves. -He believed that the antidote to slavery was full American citizenship for all slaves.
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Which of the following accurately describe transcendentalists' mode of communal living?
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-They used manual labor to transition from a world of intellect to the natural world. -They equally shared in the labor so each could have leisure time to cultivate the self.
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Which of the following best describes formal schooling in the South before the Civil War?
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African Americans were barred from formal education, and only one-third of white children were enrolled in schools.
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Which of the following best describes the proportion of northerners who were pro-abolition?
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a small minority
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Which of the following best describes the state of public education in 1830?
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No state had a system of universal public education.
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Which of the following best reflects white male abolitionists' attitudes toward female abolitionists?
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It was inappropriate for women to be outspoken activists.
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Which of the following is NOT a Mormon belief?
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Life-long celibacy is important.
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Which of the following major writers of the antebellum period was a southerner?
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Edgar Allan Poe
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Which of the following statements is true of free blacks living in the North in 1850?
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They were at times poorer than slaves in the South.
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Which of the following was NOT a demand made in the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions"?
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Women should have their own social spheres.
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Which of the following was NOT a health fad in the antebellum years?
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antibiotics
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Which of the following was NOT a reason that many northern whites were against abolition?
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The abolition movement was rapidly gaining ground among whites in the South.
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Which of the following was NOT an idea Walt Whitman celebrated in his work?
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urban living
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Which of the following were goals established at the 1848 Seneca Falls convention for women's rights?
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-the right to vote. -equality with men.
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Which of the following were NOT reforms implemented by Horace Mann?
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-making school attendance mandatory for individuals under 16. -lengthening the academic year to nine months.
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Which of the following were problems for doctors in the early 1800s?
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-Many traditional physicians mistrusted innovation and experimentation. -They were not highly regarded in their communities. -Many of their peers were quacks or poorly educated.
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Which of the following women were among the leaders of the nineteenth-century feminist movement?
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-Elizabeth Cady Stanton. -Susan B. Anthony. -Dorothea Dix.
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Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?
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It advocated sexual equality.
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Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?
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Walt Whitman
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Who led the migration of 12,000 Mormons from Illinois to what would become Salt Lake City, Utah?
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Brigham Young
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Who wrote the 1841 novel The Deerslayer?
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James Fenimore Cooper
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Why did early efforts to end slavery by repatriating slaves fail?
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Many African Americans were not interested in emigrating to Africa.
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Why did many of the early feminists also identify as Quakers?
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-Many Quaker preachers and community leaders were women. -Many Quakers believed in sexual equality.
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Why is the rhetoric of this document so effective?
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The language is based historically on the Declaration of Independence.
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