The Periodic Table/Law – Flashcards
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| Define valence electron |
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| An electron in an atom's outermost orbitals; determines the chemical properties of an element. |
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| Who was the first scientist (chemist) to compile a list of all elements that were known in the late 1700s? |
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| Antoine Lavoisier |
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| Who was the first chemist to propose an organized scheme for the elements? |
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| John Newlands |
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| Which chemist developed the law of octaves? |
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| John Newlands |
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| Who was the first chemist to discover that the properties of elements do repeat in a periodic way. |
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| John Newlands |
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| Who was Mendeleev's partner? |
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| Meyer |
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| Why is Mendeleev usually given more credit than Meyer? |
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| Because he published his organizational scheme for the periodic table before Meyer. |
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| What did Mendeleev's periodic table demonstrate a connection between? |
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| Atomic mass and elemental properties |
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| Why was Mendeleev's table greatly accepted? |
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| Because he predicted the existence and properties of undiscovered elements (scandium, gallium, germanium.) |
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| How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table? |
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| By order of increasing atomic mass into columns with similar properties. |
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| Who was the chemist to remedy the mistakes that Mendeleev's table demonstrated? |
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| Moseley |
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| Why was Mendeleev's version of the periodic table wrong? |
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| By arranging the elements by mass this resulted in several elements being placed in groups of elements with differing properties. |
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| How did Moseley arrange the elements in the periodic table? |
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| Moseley arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number (which represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.) |
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| The statement that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by atomic number is called ____________. |
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| The periodic law |
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| The boxes of the periodic table arranged into a series of columns are called ________ or __________. |
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| Groups ; families |
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| The boxes of the periodic table arranged into rows are called _______ . |
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| Periods |
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| Elements in groups 1,2,13,18 possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties. These elements are often called the main group or _______. |
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| Representative elements |
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| The elements in groups 3 to 12 are referred to as the _________. |
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| Transition elements. |
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| What are the three classifications of elements? |
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| 1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids |
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| Elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, are good conductors of heat and electricity are called ______. |
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| Metals |
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| Elements that are malleable and ductile are called _______. |
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| Metals |
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| Most __________ elements and all _________ elements are metals. |
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| Representative ; transition |
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| Except for hydrogen, all of the metals on the left side of the periodic table are ______. |
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| Metals |
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| The group 1 elements are known as ______. |
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| Alkali metals **Because they are so reactive, alkali metals usually exist as compounds with other elements.** |
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| Elements in group 2 are called __________. |
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| Alkaline Earth metals |
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| Transition metals are divided into two sub-groups named [...] |
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| 1. Transition metals 2. Inner transition metals |
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| The two sets of inner transition metals, known as the ____(1)____ and ____(2)___. |
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| (1) Lanthanide series (2) Actinide series These two sets are located along the bottom of the periodic table. The rest of the elements in groups 3 to 12 make up the transition metals. |
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| Nonmetals occupy the upper-right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals are elements that are generally ___(1)___, or ___(2)___, __(3)___ -looking solids. They are ___(4)___ conductors of electricity and heat. |
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| (1)Gases (2)Brittle (3)Dull (4)Poor |
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| Group 17 is comprised of __(1)___ reactive elements that are known as __(2)__. |
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| (1) Highly (2) Halogens |
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| The extremely un-reactive group 18 elements are commonly called the ___(1)___. |
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| (1) Noble Gases |
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| Metalloids have physical and __(1)__ properties of both __(2)__ and __(3)___. |
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| (1) chemical (2) metals (3) nonmetals |
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| Atoms in the same group have similar chemical group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of ___(1)____. |
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| (1) valence electrons |
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| The energy level of an element's ____(1)____ indicates the period on the periodic table in which it is found. |
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| (1) valence electrons |
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| The noble gases in group 18 each have __(1)__ valence electrons, with the exception of helium, which has only two valence electrons. |
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| (1) eight |
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| The periodic table has columns and rows of varying sizes. The reason begind the table's odd shape becomes clear if it is divided into sections, or blocks, represented the atoms' energy sub level being filled with ____(1)_____. |
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| (1) valence electrons |
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| Because there are four different energy sub levels ___(1)____, the periodic table is divided into four distinct blocks. |
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| (1) s, p, d, f |
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| The s-block consists of groups ___(1)___ and __(2)__, and the element helium. |
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| (1) one (2) two |
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| Group 1 elements have partially filled s orbitals containing ___(1)___ valence electron and electron configurations ending in S1. |
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| (1) one |
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| Group 2 elements have completely filled s orbitals containing ___(2)___ valence electrons and electron configurations ending in S2. |
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| (2) two |
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| Because s orbitals hold __(1)__ electrons at most, the s-block spans __(2)__. |
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| (1)two (2)two |
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| The p sublevel is comprised of groups __(1)__ through __(18)__. |
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| (1) 13 (2) 18 |
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| The p sublevel does not exist for the __(1)__ principal energy level (n=1). |
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| (1) first |
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| The p-block spans __(1)__ groups because the three p orbitals can hold a maximum of six electrons. |
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| (1) six |
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| The group 18 elements are so stable that they undergo ____(1)____ chemical reactions. |
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| (1) virtually no |
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| Together the s- and p- blocks comprise the ___(1)___ elements. |
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| (1) representative |
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| The d-block contains the ___(1)___ metals and is the __(2)__ of the blocks. |
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| (1)transition (2)largest |
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| D-block elements are usually characterized by a filled __(1)__ s orbital of energy level n, and filled or partially filled d orbitals of energy level n-1. |
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| (1) outermost |
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| The five d orbitals can hold a total of __(1)__ electrons; thus, the d-block spans __(2)__ groups on the periodic table. |
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| (1) ten (2) ten |
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| The f-block contains the __(1)__ metals. |
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| (1) inner transition |
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| The f-block elements are characterized by a filled, or partially filled ___(1)___ s orbital, and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f orbitals. |
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| (1)outermost |
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| There are __(1)__ f orbitals holding up to a maximum of __(2)__ electrons, the f-block spans 14 columns of the periodic table. |
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| (1) 7 (2) 14 |
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| Therefore, the s-, p-, d-, and f- blocks determine the shape of the __(1)__. |
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| (1) periodic table |
