The Italian Rennaissance – Flashcards
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What occured in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries and marked the "rebirth" of European culture?
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Renaissance
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What were the three important factors making Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?
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1)Italy's geographic location-drawing upon the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. It was located on top of former Rome. Italy was well placed for contact with the Byzantines and Arabs who had preserved classical culture. 2)Invention of the printing press spread new ideas quickly and accurately. 3)Rennaissane Italy, like the ancient Greeks, thrived in the urban culture and vibrant economy of the city-state. There was money for patronizing of the Arts. Relative freedom of expression in Italian cities.
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What does Renaissance mean?
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rebirth of classical Greek and Roman culture.
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What was the traditional view of renaissance?
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It suddenly emerged as a result of the fall of Constantinople in 1453, which drove Greek scholars to seek refuge in Italy and pass classical culture to Italy.
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How do historians explain how Renaissance emerged in Italy?
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They believe that Renaissance was more the product of a long evolution rather than a sudden outburst.
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What were the four ideas central to Western Civilization?
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1)secularism 2)humanism 3)individualism 4)skepticism
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Secularism
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the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife.
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Humanism
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A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. A moral system that denies belief in God and views humanity as the highest form of existence.
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Individualism
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A belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence. During the Renaissance period, it shows the shift from medieval thinking of the group to the new thinking of the self.
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Skepticism
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Doubt or unbelief with regard to a religion, esp. Christianity; promoted curiosity and the questioning of authority; raised the challenges to the Church's authority and theories which alters how Western Europe views the world or universe.
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How did people in the Renaissance period express themselves or show their individualism?
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Artists, like Leonardo da Vinci showed individualistic pride in their work by signing their paintings.
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What did the four ideas of Western Europe lead to during the Renaissance period?
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Literature and learning art, science, the Age of Exploration, and the Protestant Reformation.
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During the Italian Renaissance, how did literature promote a more secular view of the world?
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It provided a variety of topics, such as history and political science. The invention of the printing press created a border public that could afford an education and printed books.
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Where were most of the newly educated people come from during the Renaissance period?
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Noble and middle class
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What did the noble and middle class want during the Renaissance period?
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They wanted a more practical and secular education and books to prepare them for the real world of business and politics.
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Which aurthors were used to teach students how to think, write, and speak clearly in education during the Renaissance period?
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Demosthenes and Cicero
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During the Italian Renaissance, what promoted a variety of topics such as history and political science that had a more secular view of the world?
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literature
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During the Italian Renaissance, what used classical forms, like arches, domes, and columns for display?
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architecture
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Who was the great master that painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican?
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Michelangelo
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What is the way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions?
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humanism
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Who was the Italian writer, politician, and poet that was the first to write in Italian, the language of people?
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Dante Alighieri
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Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
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Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist.
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Who was the Italian writer of The Prince that believed rulers sometimes had to be ruthless to keep order?
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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Who protested against the Roman Catholic Church?
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Protestants
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Who was Cosimo de Medici?
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a powerful ruler of Florence who valued education and culture
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What did Machiavelli think about people in general?
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They are greedy!
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What is Venice famous for?
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producing glass
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What is one activity that monks probably did?
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reading and writing
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Who made Florence the center of Italian art, literature, and culture during the Renaissance?
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Cosimo de Medici
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One of the effects of the Protestant Reformation was the growth of _________.
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federalism
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What influential reformer taught the idea of predestination?
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John Calvin
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Which classical civilizations did the Renaissance humanists look to for inspiration?
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Greece and Rome
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Whose invention of the movable type made it easier to reproduce pamphlets and books that lead to the spread of ideas?
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Johann Gutenberg
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What is The Great Schism?
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Widespread corruption in the Church and Renaissance secularism that weakened the power and authority of the Catholic Church.
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The Renaissance and Reformation strengthened the authority and power of whom?
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secular rulers
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What Florentine family specifically patronizes the arts?
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Medici
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What Italian city became the center of the Italian Renaissance?
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Florence, Italy
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What are the four ideas that Renaissance is defined by which is a transition from the Medieval Period to the modern civilization?
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Secularism-belief that the world and life are worth studying and living in now. Humanism-Belief that humans are not helpless pons in the devine plan, but they are intelligent! Individualism-Belief that the individual alone can accomplish great things. Skepticism-Belief in the need to challenge excepted beliefs and rules.
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Who supported the Renaissance in Northern Italy?
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a thriving urban culture
