Risk management and threat assessment have gained prominence in emergency services, particularly following the 9/11 attack. This paper will explore the unification of emergency service agencies and the implementation of programs, prompted by the attack. Additionally, it will examine the adoption by the federal emergency agency (FEMA) of an inclusive approach towards evaluating, planning, assisting, and recovering from terrorist attacks and other emergencies. Furthermore, the significance of identifying vulnerabilities in threats will be addressed.
The attack posed a unique challenge to the government as it surpassed the difficulties faced during national disasters. It indicated that future attacks would impact a larger portion of society compared to natural disasters. Due to limited institutional resources to handle such situations, a solution was required to combat these attacks. This led to the establishment of FEMA, which combined various disaster management agencies into a single entity. C
...onsequently, numerous programs were implemented.
The objective of the mitigation programs was to prepare individuals and communities for recovery from attacks, while also mitigating the impact of future attacks. These programs included response and recovery initiatives such as public assistance programs and technical assistance programs, as well as major disaster initiatives like the Emergency Operation Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment program. Additionally, there were disaster aid programs like Food Aid. The evaluation, planning, assistance, and recovery efforts for terrorist attacks followed an "all-hands" approach where a network of emergency management and business continuity professionals collaborated to exchange resources and information. This approach served as both an emergency management community and consulting consortium. It's important to note that there are other types of emergencies besides terrorism.
FEMA is in charge of handling a range of natural emergencies, including
earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and disease outbreaks. They are also involved in addressing severe storms, straight line winds, landslides, mudslides, incidents with contaminated water (like the situation in Michigan), tornadoes, severe winter conditions, and fire disasters. Additionally, FEMA conducts vital threat vulnerability assessments to pinpoint areas of weakness.
Assessments play a vital role in identifying and addressing security vulnerabilities. By assessing past incidents and areas of exposure, organizations can proactively anticipate potential vulnerabilities and prepare accordingly. Assessments also highlight gaps in security programs, allowing for necessary corrections. Through the identification process, interviews with employees are conducted to gather critical information, policies, insights, and procedures, which helps keep them alert and reminds them of their responsibilities. Once vulnerabilities are identified, preparations are made in advance and essential materials are gathered to facilitate effective control of the vulnerability.
By warning people early in advance, it reduces the impact and allows them to relocate from high-risk areas. Additionally, early identification enables proper budgeting to prevent financial crises when addressing vulnerabilities by both the government and individuals.
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