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Political culture

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broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how the government should function and politics should operate; American political culture emphasizes the values of liberty, equality, and democracy

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Moralistic political cultures

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the belief that government should be active in promoting the public good and that citizens should participate in politics and civic activities to ensure that good; rooted in New England, where Puritans and other religious groups sought to create the Good Society

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Individualistic political cultures

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the belief that government should limit its role to providing order in society, so that citizens can pursue their economic self-interests; originated in the middle states, where Americans sought material wealth and personal freedom through commercial activities.

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Traditionalistic political culture

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the belief that government should be dominated by political elites and guided by tradition; initially in the South, reflecting the values of the slave plantation economy (pre-1865) and its successor, the Jim Crow era (1876-1965)

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Elite

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a small group of people that dominates the political process

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The Lone Star

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is the symbol of Texas and reflects its individualistic political culture.

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Provincialism

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a narrow, limited, and self-interested view of the world often associated with rural values and notions of limited government; result often was a self-interested view of the world and an intolerance of diversity

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Cornpone

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a hickish rural rejection of modern urban lifestyles

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The notorious "crop-lien" system

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was developed to extend credit to farmers in exchange for liens on their crops.

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The King Ranch

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The most famous ranch in Texas; 1,300 square miles, it is larger than the state of Rhode Island

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The Texas Railroad Commission

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In 1890, after considerable controversy fueled by Populist anti-railroad sentiment, a constitutional amendment was passed to create an agency to regulate the railroads

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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trade treaty among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries; arguing that free trade would hurt U.S. workers and companies because of the cheap labor available in Mexico

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Impresarios

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an individual who promotes, organizes, or helps to finance a particular endeavor; i.e. Moses Austin and his son Stephen F. Austin

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Poll tax

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a state-imposed tax on voters as a prerequisite for voting; poll taxes were rendered unconstitutional in national elections by the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, and in state elections by the Supreme Court in 1966.

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La Raza Unida Party

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which sought to confront many of the discriminatory practices that isolated Texas Latinos page 23 from the political and economic mainstream.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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outlawed the segregation of public schools.

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Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

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guaranteed African Americans admission to Texas's graduate and professional schools

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Smith v. Allwright (1944)

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outlawed the white primary

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Barbara Jordan

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the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas

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Urbanization

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the process by which people move from rural areas to cities

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Suburbanization

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is the process by which people move out of central city areas to surrounding suburban areas.

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Presidios

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garrisons

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Missions

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churches

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Pueblos

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towns

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Paso del Norte Bridge

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between El Paso and Ciudad Juarez is the busiest cross-border footpath between the United States and Mexico.

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Steinbeck:

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Texas is "a state of mind . . . a mystique closely approximating a religion"; his Travels with Charley

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Myths about Texans

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1.Cowboy image 2.Wildcatter who is willing to risk everything 3.Independent entrepreneur who fears the needless intrusion of government

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Texas politics today is dominated by

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the Republican Party

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Texas is

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the second-largest state and the second most populous

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Patterns in Texas politics indicate a

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"traditionalistic individualistic" political culture

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For over 100 years, Texas was dominated by the

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Democratic Party; but this pattern no longer holds

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Texas's political culture has also been defined by its longtime dominance by

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business interests

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Texas politics is shaped by the

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state's geography; most distinctive characteristic of Texas's geography is its size

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Sharecropping

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A system by which farmers would be lent land and equipment in exchange for part of the profits is known as

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Big Bend is found in what region of Texas?

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Basin and Range Province

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During the 1870s, people moved to Texas from the Deep South and Europe in order to farm

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Cotton

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During the 1980s, the Texas economy was negatively impacted by which of the following issue?

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declining oil prices, recession, bank failures

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In the late nineteenth century, Dallas was able to grow into a major city because of which industry?

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railroads

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In today's Texas, what percentage of Texans live on farms and ranches?

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less than 2 percent

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The Grange and Populist movements of the late nineteenth century were led by

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tenant farmers

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The Texas economy diversified in the 1980s and 1990s with the rapid growth of __________ enterprises in the Austin and Dallas areas.

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high-tech

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The __________ Commission expanded its original mission and began regulating oil and gas production in 1917.

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railroad

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The __________ sought to create a free-trade zone between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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The concept of __________ emphasizes rural values and Jeffersonian notions of limited government.

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provincialism

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The term for periodic waves of transformation within the capitalist system caused by new technologies is

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creative destruction

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Which city is located in the Great Plains region of Texas?

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Lubbock

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Which new transportation system developed in the 1950s and 1960s fundamentally changed how Texans travel and where they live?

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Interstate Highway System

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Which of the following does NOT describe the traditionalist political culture?

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government is expected to promote the public good

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Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase in the population of Texas during 2006?

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a natural increase of births in proportion to deaths

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Who worked with the Spanish government to bring American settlers into Texas?

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Stephen F. Austin

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