Hydrogen And Helium Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Hydrogen And Helium?

Hydrogen and helium are two of the most abundant elements in the universe. They are also among the most important elements, as they make up much of the atmosphere and other materials found on Earth. Hydrogen is an essential element for life, since it is a major component of water and its molecules make up much of our planet’s air supply. Helium, on the other hand, provides buoyancy to hot-air balloons and deeper diving submariners, while also being used as a coolant for nuclear reactors. Both hydrogen and helium have many uses in industry and science alike. Hydrogen is one of the lightest gases, accounting for about 75 percent of all atoms in the universe; it has just one proton per atom. It exists naturally in two isotopes: protium (with no neutrons) and deuterium (which contains one neutron). In nature it is found both free (as molecular hydrogen gas) or bound with other elements such as oxygen or carbon dioxide molecule to form more complex compounds like hydrocarbons or alcohols. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels through chemical processes called reforming; this process separates out pure hydrogen which can then be stored compressed into tanks at high pressure or cooled until it forms a liquid state suitable for transportation by pipeline networks across large distances. This type of energy production has been used extensively around the world for many years now but recently there has been interest in using renewable sources such as wind power or solar energy to generate electricity which could then be used to produce hydrogen fuel cells that would provide clean energy without emissions from burning fossil fuels. Helium on the other hand makes up only 5% of all atoms present in space yet is still very important due its unique properties such as being able to exist at incredibly low temperatures (close to absolute zero) making it useful for cryogenic applications like cooling superconducting magnets or storing extremely cold liquids/gases needed by researchers studying quantum mechanics phenomena like Bose-Einstein condensates. It also has higher lifting power than any other gas so it’s widely used inside hot-air balloons – providing lift even when heated air isn’t available – plus deep sea divers use specialized breathing mixes containing helium instead of nitrogen because its lower density reduces pressure exerted by their lungs allowing them dive deeper down safely without experiencing decompression sickness caused by nitrogen bubbles forming inside their bloodstreams after resurfacing too quickly⁸ . Last but not least we shouldn’t forget that despite its rarity on earth compared with other gases like oxygen or nitrogen, helium plays an essential role during MRI scans where magnetic fields generated need increased temperature stability provided only by this noble gas whose boiling point lies above 4 Kelvin (-269 Celsius).