question

The question "If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?" is useful because it highlights that "sound" can be:

answer

both a perceptual and physical stimulus.

question

The sound pressure level increases ________ as the decibel level increases from 40 to 80 dBs.

answer

10 times

question

Kat wants to buy a "dog whistle" that her dog can hear but she can't. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ________ and ________ Hz.

answer

30,000; 40,000

question

A piano tone played backwards will sound more like an organ than a piano because:

answer

the tone's original decay has become the attack, and vice versa.

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Which of the following does not need an outer or middle ear to hear effectively?

answer

dogs, cats, fish

question

If a hair cell were the same proportion as the Eiffel Tower, the amount of movement needed for transduction to occur would be ________ for the Eiffel Tower.

answer

1 cm

question

The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the:

answer

cochlear amplifier.

question

At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach ________ , which is ________ OSHA's recommended maximum.

answer

100; 15 db higher than

question

The order of structures in the auditory pathway is:

answer

Superior Olivary Nucleus; Inferior Colliculus; Medial Geniculate Nucleus.

question

Pantev et al. showed that the area of the auditory cortex that responds to piano tones was:

answer

larger for musicians than non-musicians.

question

Humans can localize sounds most accurately:

answer

when the sound is directly in front of them.

question

The ________ is composed of the locations where the ILD and ITD are the same.

answer

cone of confusion

question

Garner and Garner showed that smoothing out the nooks of the pinnae:

answer

makes it more difficult to locate sounds along the elevation coordinate.

question

Coincidence detectors:

answer

fire when the ITD equals 0.

question

Vision: figure-ground segregation. Audition: ________.

answer

auditiory scene analysis

question

When listeners hear two standard tones alone, the listeners can perceive the order of the tones. When two distractor tones are added, listeners cannot judge the order accurately. Which of the following manipulations can be done in order for listeners to correctly perceive the order of the two original tones?

answer

Add two more tones that have the same pitch as the distractors.

question

If the notes of the songs "Three Blind Mice" and "Mary Had a Little Lamb" are alternated and played for listeners, the listeners:

answer

could identify the song they attended to if they were previously told what the two component songs were.

question

The precedence effect is:

answer

the listener perceives the fused sound from two speakers to be originating from the lead speaker.

question

What did the designers of The Walt Disney Hall do to maximize acoustics?

answer

Seat cushions were designed to absorb the same amount as an average person.

question

The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is ________ db.

answer

+10 to +15

question

A sound spectrogram is a plot of ________ as a function of ________, with darker areas representing greater intensity.

answer

frequency; time

question

When you say "bat" and "boot," the /b/ sound is articulated differently. This is an example of:

answer

coarticulation.

question

The ubiquitous "Whazzup!" is a sloppy pronunciation of "What's up?" The spectrograms of each of these two spoken phrases would indicate:

answer

major differences between the two phrases, especially in the middle of the spectrograms.

question

The McGurk effect illustrates the importance of ________ on speech perception.

answer

vision

question

Jessica looks at Ashleigh's lips on a videotape. Ashleigh's lips are making the movement for the sound /ga-ga/, but the sound that is actually presented is the acoustic signal for /ba-ba/. What sound is Jessica most likely to report hearing?

answer

/da-da/

question

Warren showed that when a cough sound replaced the sound of the first /s/ in the word "legislatures," listeners reported hearing:

answer

both the cough and the /s/ sound, but the position of the cough could not be correctly identified.

question

A fan of science fiction television shows would be more likely to make sense of the phrase "Start Wreck In Tore Prize." This demonstrates the importance of:

answer

meaning on segmentation

question

The joke in the textbook with the punch line "Yeah, right" is used as an example of:

answer

sarcasm as a type of indexical characteristic

question

Brain scanning research has shown that the ________ is responsible for identifying sounds, and the ________ is responsible for locating sounds.

answer

"what" (ventral) stream; "where" (dorsal) stream

question

Watkins, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, found that motor-evoked potentials were highest when the participant:

answer

both heard speech sounds, and watched someone else's lips make a speech sound.

question

By rubbing armpit sweat from "donor women" on the upper lips of women, McClintock supported hypothesis that olfaction is important in explaining

answer

menstrual synchrony.

question

Dogs are more sensitive to smells than humans because:

answer

dogs have many more olfactory receptors than humans.

question

When presented with a common odor like banana or motor oil, participants can identify the odor approximately ________% of the time.

answer

50

question

The ________ is the structure that contains the receptors for olfaction.

answer

olfactory mucosa

question

The relationship between an odorant's smell and its recognition profile is similar to ________ in vision.

answer

trichromatic coding for color

question

Which technique involves injecting an animal with a radioactive molecule to see which part of the olfactory bulb is most activated by different chemicals?

answer

2-DG

question

An onion smell is presented to a participant, and is told that it is "body odor" or it is "pizza." The participant will perceive the odor:

answer

more favorably if it is labeled "pizza" than "body odor."

question

The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the:

answer

papillae.

question

In regard to specificity vs. distributed coding , most researchers conclude:

answer

basic taste qualities are determined by specificity coding, and distributed coding is important for discriminating subtle differences.

question

The difference between "tasters" and "non-tasters" in the ability to taste PROP is due to:

answer

a higher density of taste buds for "tasters" than "non-tasters."

question

Testing infant acuity

answer

focuses on answering the question "Can an infant tell the difference between two stimuli?"

question

Acuity develops to almost 20/20 vision by the time the infant is:

answer

six months old.

question

Which of the following is a reason for the poor acuity of newborns?

answer

The visual cortex of the newborn is only partially developed.

question

The ability to use binocular disparity as a depth cue:

answer

can be tested using random dot stereograms.

question

farah's case study of Adam, a prosopagnosic, is used as support for:

answer

the opponent-process theory of face recognition.

question

Johnson et al. (2004) presented moving occluded rods to 3-month-old infants and classified the infants as "perceivers" or "nonperceivers" of a unified, occluded rod. The main finding of the study was:

answer

perceivers tended to make more horizontal eye movements.

question

if a pregnant mother reads the original version of The Cat in The Hat aloud while pregnant, which version of The Cat in The Hat would the infant prefer after birth?

answer

The original version, as it had been read to them prenatally

question

Masakazu is a 4-month-old Japanese infant. When presented the phonemes /r/ and /l/, he will:

answer

be able to discriminate between these two phonemes.

question

Infant intermodal perception studies are used to explain:

answer

newborn's recognition of the mother's face.

question

According to Pascalis et al. (2002), which of the following would be able to discriminate between pairs of monkey faces?

answer

6 month old

question

The ________ are located near the border of the epidermis and surface of the skin, and are associated with sensing fine details.

answer

Merkel receptors

question

Ian Waterman was able to sense pain and temperature because his ________ pathway was intact, but could not feel touch and limb position because of damage to his ________ pathway.

answer

spinothalamic; lemniscal

question

Which of the following does the human sensory homunculus most resemble?

answer

Mick Jagger

question

The receptive fields of cortical S1 neurons are:

answer

smaller for the fingers than the forearm.

question

The demonstration in which you perceived the texture of a surface using your pen or another "tool" showed:

answer

that you can use vibrations to perceive the texture of the surface.

question

BobbyDale is asked to use haptic perception to identify a soccer ball. She will most likely use the exploratory procedure(s) of ________ to identify the soccer ball's exact shape.

answer

enclosure and contour following

question

Neuropathic pain: ________. Inflammatory pain: ________.

answer

carpal tunnel syndrome; tumor cells

question

Lucky, a heterosexual female, would be able to keep her hand immersed in cold water longer if she was:

answer

looking a pictures of attractive males.

question

The phrase "multimodal nature of pain" refers to

answer

sensory and emotional components of pain.

question

When participants played an online game and felt they were being excluded from the game by the other "players," the participants reported feeling ________, and fMRI activity in ________ increased.

answer

distressed; the ACC

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