question

gingivitis that is not treated may lead to

answer

periodontitis NOT plaque, tooth discoloration or impacted molars

question

pain and limitation of the movement of the jaw with tinnitus as a result of inflammation of the temporamandubular joints (TMJs) is characteristic of

answer

TMJ sysdrome not gingivitis, periodontal or dental carries

question

oral thrush, a fungal infection that produces sore patches in the mouth and throat, may be the result of

answer

prolonged antibiotic therapy not leukoplakia, or plaque

question

treatment for oral leukoplakia

answer

finding or correcting the source of irritation NOT root canal, tooth extraction, or wearing a mouth brace

question

The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) includes

answer

BOTH a light evening meal four hours before bedtime and elevation of the bed about 6 inches, and the use of H2-receptor antagonist or a proton pump inhibitor

question

Barrett's esophagus is a severe consequence of

answer

GERD

question

why does barrettes esophagus occur

answer

recurrent acid reflux changes the esophageal tissue to columnar epithelium, which is the tissue in the stomach. This protects against the acid. It has a MALIGNANT potential.

question

True or False esophageal cancer has a high survival rate

answer

False DOES NOT

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Agents that may damage the gastric lining and cause gastritis include

answer

medications (e.g., NSAIDs), poisons, alcohol, and infectious diseases, mechanical injury.allergic reaction or irritation from foods

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the inflamed stomach lining that when chronic, can lead to an ulcer

answer

Gastritis

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The diagnostic evaluation for peptic ulcers might include

answer

endoscopy and biopsy of the lesion, patient history, upper GI barium series and the study of gastric contents and stool for evidence of bleeding.'"

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The causal factor(s) of peptic ulcers are

answer

Helicobacter pylori infection; NSAIDs; AND stress

question

the most common bacteria infection in the world

answer

Helicobacter Pylori

question

The management of peptic ulcers may necessitate

answer

rest, changes in diet, adjustments of lifestyle, and drug therapy.

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the most common ulcer

answer

duodenal ulcer

question

Hiatal hernia can be caused by

answer

a weakness that develops in the diaphragm NOT by swallowing a foreign body ; or, lack of dietary bulk

question

is a condition in which an organ protrudes through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall.

answer

abdominal hernia

question

is infection and inflammation of the abdominal cavity.

answer

peritonitis

question

If it gets stuck in the hernia, or is "blank," it can infarct and cause significant illness, such as peritonitis

answer

incarcerated

question

Abdominal discomfort with maximum tenderness of the abdomen at McBurney's point, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, or constipation are clinical signs of

answer

appendicitis NOT hiatal hernia, gastric ca, or gastritis

question

why does appendicitis occur

answer

because the outlet of the appendix is obstructed and abscess formation occurs

question

The primary treatment of gastric cancer may include

answer

gastric resection usually followed by chemoradiotherapy NOT using the valsalva's maneuver, or antibiotic therapy with diet, and NSAIDs.

question

true or false weight loss is usually the initial symptom of gastric cancer

answer

true NOT PAIN

question

A fairly common chronic inflammatory disease of the alimentary canal involving all layers of the bowel, which causes chronic diarrhea, is

answer

Crohn's disease

question

another name for Crohn's disease

answer

regional enteritis

question

Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the alimentary canal

answer

in which all layers of the bowel are edematous and inflamed

question

The disease can present with abnormal areas between normal areas, which are called

answer

skip lesions

question

Its cause is NOT easily identified; is NOT medically curable; is NOT without complications

answer

Crohns disease

question

a common syndrome of gastroenteritis,

answer

Traveler's diarrhea

question

Traveler's diarrhea caused by

answer

'ingestion of food or water contaminated with bacteria Not a virus, or drug reaction, or allergies. More often from raw veggies and fruit.

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The symptoms of food poisoning are due to

answer

the pathogens themselves or to the toxins they produce."

question

Mechanical obstruction of the bowel can result from

answer

neoplasm, fecal impaction, volvulus, or intussusception.

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is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine

answer

Gastroenteritis

question

The protection of the normal stomach acid, gut bacteria, and intestinal motility is over whelmed by bacteria and toxins, viruses, parasites, and inflammation with cramps, diarrhea, some bleeding may occur.

answer

Gastroenteritis

question

Obstruction is " " due to a lesion

answer

mechanical

question

it is " " due to no bowel motion (ileus): in both the food does not have forward motion

answer

functional

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intestinal obstruction can be

answer

mechanical functional partial or complete

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A condition in which out-pouches of the mucosa penetrate weak points in the muscular layer of the large intestine is called

answer

diverticulOSIS NOT a hiatal hernia, or peritonitis

question

when the outputting (diverticula) become inflamed and infected

answer

DiverticulITIS

question

A rupture of diverticulitis can cause

answer

peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity)

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The earliest signs of colorectal cancer are

answer

often vague and nonspecific

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True or False Colorectal cancer is the THIRD most common site of cancer incidence and death in men and women

answer

true

question

Patient teaching for patients with colorectal cancer would include

answer

informing the patient that family members have increased risk and should undergo screening

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begins in the rectum continues up to involve the colon, and often presents with bloody diarrhea. It is limited to the colon, and involves superficial layers of the colon as the mucosa and submucosal layers. It has an increased risk of colon cancer.

answer

Ulcerative colitis

question

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is related to

answer

use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

question

is a functional (not mechanical) bowel disorder with chronic pain or discomfort, bloating, and erratic dysfunction of bowel habits. there con be constipation, cramps, bloating, or diarrhea. There is no cure.

answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

question

A key feature of irritable bowel syndrome is:

answer

a change of bowel habits with predominant diarrhea or constipation.

question

The inside of the abdomen is called the and is lined by the peritoneal membrane

answer

peritoneal cavity

question

If the stomach or intestines, or say appendix or diverticulitis ruptures, it spills out infection, and it can cause

answer

peritonitis

question

Inflammation, infection, or irritation of the large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and folds over the visceral organs is called

answer

peritonitis

question

is a varicose dilatation of a vein in the anal canal or anorectal area. It is painless or may have pain, itch, protrusion, or bleeding. Constipation, straining, or pregnancy may cause.

answer

A hemorrhoid

question

About cirrhosis of the liver

answer

it is chronic and NOT reversible; it comes for alcohol, viruses, and other pathogens, but it is NOT idiopathic; and symptoms are not ALL related to digestion.

question

Hepatitis A is

answer

infectious because it occurs in schools, camps,

question

Viral Hepatitis A is usually transmitted by

answer

the fecal oral route; contaminated food, water, or stool; and poor hygiene

question

True or False Hepatitis A is a blood borne infection, and so it is the most common blood borne infection

answer

False NOT

question

is the MOST COMMON blood borne infection in the US.

answer

Hep C

question

Hepatitis B is " " Hepatitis, has an insidious onset, and can cause liver destruction. Patient can become a chronic carrier

answer

SERUM

question

True or False Health care workers exposed to body fluids are a risk for hepatitis B.

answer

TRUE

question

These statements are true about hepatitis C?

answer

It is considered a widespread epidemic The source of the infection is OFTEN NOT KNOWN; complete recovery of the liver on treatment CAN happen; and, health care workers ARE at risk. There are reports of sexual transmission. There is no vaccine.

question

Cancer in the liver is

answer

'usually a secondary cancer Cancer in the liver is more often metastatic than primary. It is NOT likely to be discovered early. It has a POOR prognosis. MOST COMMON etiologic factor for primary ca is Hep B virus.

question

Cholelithiasis, which causes obstruction of bile ducts, causes the patient to experience

answer

biliary colic, with radiating pain, and jaundice

question

Inflammation of the gallbladder commonly associated with gallstones is called

answer

cholecystitis

question

The gallstone is called

answer

cholelithiasis.

question

The causes of pancreatitis include

answer

Alcoholism, trauma, and infection; AND biliary tract disease, structural anomalies, and drugs.

question

True or False Clostridium difficile causes the intestinal condition Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, NOT pancreatitis.

answer

True

question

True or False Cancer of the pancreas IS twice as common in men as women and IS the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States

answer

TRUE

question

Signs and symptoms of malnutrition can result from

answer

eating too much or too little; a malabsorption syndrome, ; a case involving severe burns or other severe trauma

question

True or False There is not a genetic component to fatness and the regional distribution of fat

answer

FALSE NOT A GENETIC COMPONENT

question

True or False Vitamin D is considered highly toxic, especially in infants and children.

answer

true

question

is toxicity from any vitamin, but especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and D

answer

Hypervitaminosis

question

A disease of the small intestine characterized by malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine is called

answer

celiac sprue

question

Celiac disease is

answer

is a disease of the small intestine; is characterized by malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine; requires a lifelong compliance with a strict gluten-free diet.

question

The disease linked to a psychologic disturbance in which hunger is denied by self-imposed starvation is

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

The most serious complications of bulimia and anorexia nervosa include

answer

electrolyte imbalance and cardiac irregularities.

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